在初中英语的学习旅程中，从句就像一座神秘的城堡，而宾语从句和定语从句则是城堡中最为关键的两大宝藏。掌握它们，不仅能帮我们在考试中披荆斩棘，更是提升英语综合能力、开启流利表达与深度阅读大门的钥匙。今天，就跟着奇速英语AI伴学一起深入探索这两类从句的奥秘，让复杂的语法知识变得简单易懂。

 

 

 

 

宾语从句：句子中的“贴心小棉袄”

宾语从句，从名字上看，就知道它和宾语有着千丝万缕的联系。简单来说，宾语从句就是用一个句子来充当宾语。它通常跟在动词、介词或某些形容词之后，就像一个“贴心小棉袄”，补充说明动作的对象、介词的内容或形容词所描述的情况 。例如在“She knew that the teacher had seen the film”一句中，“that the teacher had seen the film”就是宾语从句，作“knew”的宾语，详细说明了“知道”的具体内容 。

1. 引导词：从句的“领路人”：引导词是宾语从句的关键标志，不同的引导词有着不同的作用和含义 。

- that：当宾语从句是一个陈述句时，常用that引导 。that在从句中没有实际意义，也不充当句子成分，在口语和非正式文体中常常可以省略 。比如“I think (that) you are right”，这里的that就可以省略 。不过，在一些特殊情况下，that是不能省略的，像当宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时，“Little Alice didn't know, I'm sure, that her sister was going to America”；当有间接宾语时，“He told me that he was leaving for Japan” 。

- if/whether：如果宾语从句是一般疑问句变来的，就用if或whether引导，它们都表示“是否”的意思 。比如“I want to know whether/if he is right” 。一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但在与or not连用、与动词不定式连用或连接词前有介词时，只能用whether ，如“I don't know whether to go or not” 。

- 特殊疑问词：当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变来的时候，就需要特殊疑问词来引导了，像what、who、which、when、where、why、how等 。这些特殊疑问词在从句中既起到连接作用，又充当一定的句子成分 。比如“Could you tell me what I should do with the money?”，what在从句中作do的宾语 。

2. 语序：遵循陈述语序的“乖乖仔”：无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序 ，也就是“主句 + 连词 + 宾语从句（主语 + 谓语 + ……）”的句式 。例如，“Do you know what his name is?”，不能写成“Do you know what is his name?” 。

3. 时态：与主句呼应的“变色龙”：宾语从句的时态要和主句相呼应 。
- 主句是一般现在时态：从句可以根据实际情况使用各种时态 。比如“He says that he is happy”（一般现在时），“He says that he will go to the park tomorrow”（一般将来时） 。
- 主句是一般过去时态：从句要用相应的过去时态 。例如“She said that she was a student”（一般过去时），“She said that she would fly to Japan in a week”（过去将来时） 。
- 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实：这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态 。比如“The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun” 。

 

2025年中考英语宾语从句和定语从句真题，涵盖考点：

宾语从句真题

1.（2025·铜仁）—I wonder ____________ at 8:00 last night? —I was watching NBA.
A. what were you doing  B. what you were doing  C. what did you do  D. what you did
答案：B
解析：宾语从句用陈述语序，排除A、C；根据时间状语at 8:00 last night可知用过去进行时，选B。

2.（2025·北京）I don’t remember____________ the book yesterday.
A. where did I put  B. where will I put  C. where I put  D. where I will put
答案：C
解析：宾语从句用陈述语序，排除A、B；根据yesterday可知用一般过去时，选C。

3.（2025·天津）—I don’t know _____. Because he has to look after his mother.
A. why he is leaving  B. why is he leaving  C. when he is leaving  D. when is he leaving
答案：A
解析：宾语从句用陈述语序，排除B、D；根据答语可知问的是原因，用why引导，选A。

4.（2025·巴中）I didn’t understand _____. So I raised my hand to ask.
A. what my teacher says  B. what does my teacher say
C. what my teacher said  D. what did my teacher say
答案：C
解析：宾语从句用陈述语序，排除B、D；根据didn’t可知用一般过去时，选C。

5.（2025·漳州）They wonder ________robots will make humans lose their jobs or not.
A. if  B. whether  C. that  D. what
答案：B
解析：whether…or not是固定搭配，意为“是否”，引导宾语从句，选B。

6.（2025·贺州）Can you tell me ______?
A. where is the post office  B. where the post office is
C. where was the post office  D. where the post office was
答案：B
解析：宾语从句用陈述语序，排除A、C；此处问的是一般情况，用一般现在时，选B。

7.（2025·衢州）—Excuse me, Could you tell ____?
A. where is the museum  B. which is the way to the museum
C. how can I get to the museum  D. is there a museum near here
答案：B
解析：宾语从句用陈述语序，排除A、C、D；which在从句中作主语，陈述语序不变，选B。

8.（2025·益阳）I don’t know _____.
A. how far is it from my hme to the schl  B. how far it is from my hme to the schl
C. how far was it from my hme to the schl  D. how far it was from my hme to the schl
答案：B
解析：宾语从句用陈述语序，排除A、C；此处问的是距离，是一般情况，用一般现在时，选B。

9.（2025·襄阳）Could you tell me_______?
A. where can I buy a stmap  B. where I can buy a stmap
C. where I culd buy a stmap  D. where culd I buy a stmap
答案：B
解析：宾语从句用陈述语序，排除A、D；Could you…表示委婉语气，从句用一般现在时，选B。

10.（2025·潍坊）The woman asked the policeman where _______.
A. the pst ffice is  B. was the pst ffice
C. is the pst ffice  D. the pst ffice was
答案：D
解析：宾语从句用陈述语序，排除B、C；根据asked可知用一般过去时，选D。

 

定语从句：名词的“专属化妆师”

定语从句，是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，它就像是名词的“专属化妆师”，对名词进行进一步的限定和描述，让名词的特征更加清晰明了 。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，而定语从句通常放在先行词的后面 。比如在“This is the book that I bought yesterday”中，“book”是先行词，“that I bought yesterday”是定语从句，用来修饰“book”，具体说明了是“我昨天买的那本书” 。

1. 关系词：连接主句和从句的“桥梁”：关系词是定语从句的核心，分为关系代词和关系副词，它们就像一座桥梁，连接着主句和从句 。

- 关系代词：常见的关系代词有who、whom、that、whose、which 。

- who、whom、that：这三个词用来代替先行词是人 的名词或代词 。who和that在从句中可以作主语或宾语，whom只能作宾语 。比如“Is he the man who/that wants to see you?”（who/that作主语），“He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday”（whom/that作宾语） 。

- whose：用来指人或物，在从句中作定语，表示“……的” 。比如“They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down”（指人），“Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green”（指物，whose可以和of which互换） 。

- which、that：用来代替先行词是事物的名词或代词 ，在从句中可作主语、宾语等 。比如“A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside”（which / that作主语），“The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped”（which / that作宾语） 。

- 关系副词：常见的关系副词有when、where、why 。它们的含义相当于“介词 + which”结构，在从句中作状语 。

- when：表示时间，代替的先行词是时间的名词 。比如“I will never forget the day when I met her”，这里的when可以换成on which 。

- where：表示地点，代替的先行词是地点的名词 。比如“Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born” 。

- why：表示原因，代替的先行词是reason的名词 。比如“Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?” 。

2. 关系词的选择：根据从句成分判断的“小技巧”：选择关系词时，关键要看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分 。

- 先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语时：选择关系代词 。比如先行词是人，作主语用who或that，作宾语用whom、who或that；先行词是物，作主语、宾语用which或that 。
- 先行词在从句中作状语时：选择关系副词 。作时间状语用when，作地点状语用where，作原因状语用why 。例如“This is the mountain village where I stayed last year”（where作地点状语），“I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you”（when作时间状语） 。如果把句子改成“This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year”，“visit”是及物动词，后面缺少宾语，就用关系代词which 。
3. 特殊情况：只能用that的几种场景：在一些特殊情况下，只能用that来引导定语从句 。
- 先行词前有序数词修饰时：“This is the first gift that my parents bought me” 。
- 先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时：“This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen” 。

- 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时：“Is there anything that you want in this shop” 。
- 先行词是人和物时：“He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all” 。
- 先行词被all, little, the only, the very, the last等词修饰时：“This is the last place that I want to visit” 。
- 特殊疑问句以who或which开头时：“Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?” 。定

 

定语从句真题

11.（2025·全国模拟）He lst a bike ________ cst him 60 dllars.
A. which  B. wh  C. whm  D. where
答案：A
解析：先行词是bike，指物，关系代词用which或that，在从句中作主语，选A。

12.（2025·全国模拟）I’m ne f thse peple ________ must leave hmetwns fr the big cities where they wrk.
A. which  B. wh  C. whm  D. whose
答案：B
解析：先行词是peple，指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用wh或that，选B。

13.（2025·全国模拟）We need peple ________ are gd at English t be vlunteers.
A. which  B. wh  C. whm  D. whose
答案：B
解析：先行词是peple，指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用wh或that，选B。

14.（2025·全国模拟）A study shws that children _________ spend mre time utdrs are mre intelligent.
A. which  B. wh  C. whm  D. whose
答案：B
解析：先行词是children，指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用wh或that，选B。

15.（2025·全国模拟）Jackie Chan is an actr ________ is famus fr his Chinese kung fu in the actin mvies.
A. which  B. wh  C. whm  D. whose
答案：B
解析：先行词是actr，指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用wh或that，选B。

16.（2025·全国模拟）The Natinal Anti - Fraud (反诈) Center is an app ________ helps prevent us being cheated.
A. which  B. wh  C. whm  D. whose
答案：A
解析：先行词是app，指物，关系代词用which或that，在从句中作主语，选A。

17.（2025·全国模拟）Dr. Zhng Nanshan is a pineer __________ has made a lt f cntributins (贡献) in the field f medical science.
A. which  B. wh  C. whm  D. whose
答案：B
解析：先行词是pineer，指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用wh或that，选B。

18.（2025·全国模拟）We shuld never fail t be thankful t the peple ________ helped and supprted us.
A. which  B. wh  C. whm  D. whose
答案：B
解析：先行词是peple，指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用wh或that，选B。

19.（2025·全国模拟）My parents take pride in everything gd ________ I d.
A. which  B. wh  C. that  D. whm
答案：C
解析：先行词是everything，不定代词，关系代词只能用that，选C。

20.（2025·全国模拟）I still remember the place and the peple ________ I visited in Lndn years ag.
A. which  B. wh  C. that  D. whm
答案：C
解析：先行词既有物又有人，关系代词只能用that，选C。

21.（2025·全国模拟）The wman ________ is talking with my teacher is my mther.
A. which  B. wh  C. whm  D. whose
答案：B
解析：先行词是wman，指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用wh或that，选B。

22.（2025·全国模拟）The city ________ I visited last year is very beautiful.
A. which  B. wh  C. where  D. whm
答案：A
解析：先行词是city，指物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，用which或that，选A。

23.（2025·全国模拟）The left - hme children ________ need mre care are frm the cuntryside.
A. which  B. wh  C. where  D. whm
答案：B
解析：先行词是children，指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用wh或that，选B。

24.（2025·全国模拟）The bk ________ I bught yesterday is very interesting.
A. which  B. wh  C. where  D. whm
答案：A
解析：先行词是bk，指物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，用which或that，选A。

25.（2025·全国模拟）We all like the teachers ________ classes are interesting and lively.
A. which  B. wh  C. whose  D. whm
答案：C
解析：先行词是teachers，关系代词在从句中作定语，修饰classes，用whose，选C。

宾语从句和定语从句虽然看似复杂，但只要我们掌握了它们的规则和用法，多做练习，就能轻松驾驭 。希望同学们通过这篇文章的学习，对宾语从句和定语从句有更深入的理解，在英语学习的道路上迈出更坚实的步伐 ！