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英语长难句10大经典结构图解:提分核心逻辑全梳理(上)

作者:未知 时间:2025-09-21 阅读:( )

英语长难句10大经典结构图解:提分核心逻辑全梳理。奇速英语AI伴学/自习室10个高考真题经典英语长难句解析:

1. 2021全国卷Ⅰ:What surprised the researchers most was that the participants who received regular positive feedback showed a 40% higher success rate in maintaining healthy habits.
- 结构分析:主语从句是What surprised the researchers most,表语从句是that the participants... showed...,其中who received regular positive feedback是定语从句,修饰participants。


- 翻译:最让研究人员惊讶的是,那些定期获得积极反馈的参与者在保持健康习惯方面的成功率高出40%。

 


2. 2020新高考卷:Whether the government's new policy on renewable energy will effectively reduce carbon emissions remains a question worth discussing.
- 结构分析:主语从句是Whether... will reduce...,worth discussing是后置定语,修饰question。
- 翻译:政府关于可再生能源的新政策是否能有效减少碳排放,仍然是一个值得讨论的问题。


3. 2022全国甲卷:The novel, whose plot revolves around a scientist's moral dilemma, has sparked heated debates about the ethics of artificial intelligence.
- 结构分析:whose plot revolves...是非限制性定语从句,修饰novel,about the ethics of...是介词短语作后置定语,修饰debates。
- 翻译:这部小说以一位科学家的道德困境为主线,引发了关于人工智能伦理的激烈讨论。


4. 2023北京卷:The museum we visited last weekend, which houses a collection of ancient artifacts discovered in the Silk Road, offers visitors a glimpse into the cultural exchanges between East and West.
- 结构分析:we visited last weekend是省略关系词的定语从句,修饰museum,which houses...是非限制性定语从句,同样修饰museum。
- 翻译:我们上周末参观的博物馆收藏了丝绸之路出土的古代文物,为游客提供了了解东西方文化交流的窗口。


5. 2021浙江卷:Had it not been for the timely financial support from the local community, the small theater would have been forced to close down.
- 结构分析:Had it not been for...是倒装的条件状语从句,would have been forced是虚拟语气。
- 翻译:若不是当地社区及时提供资金支持,这家小剧院早就被迫关闭了。


6. 2022全国乙卷:To ensure the accuracy of the experiment, all variables must be carefully controlled, leaving no room for unexpected errors.
- 结构分析:To ensure the accuracy of the experiment是目的状语,leaving no room for unexpected errors是现在分词作结果状语。
- 翻译:为确保实验的准确性,必须严格控制所有变量,不留任何意外误差的可能。


7. 2023天津卷:Faced with mounting pressure from environmental groups, the company finally agreed to adopt eco - friendly production methods.
- 结构分析:Faced with...是过去分词作原因状语。
- 翻译:面对环保组织的日益增长的压力,该公司最终同意采用环保的生产方式。


8. 2020全国Ⅱ卷:Not only does the book provide historical facts, but it also challenges readers to rethink their understanding of cultural identity.
- 结构分析:Not only does...是倒装结构,but also...是并列连词。
- 翻译:这本书不仅提供了历史事实,还促使读者重新思考对文化认同的理解。

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9. 2022新高考卷:It was through persistent efforts and teamwork that the research team managed to decode the genetic sequence of the rare plant.
- 结构分析:It is/was... that...是强调句型。
- 翻译:正是通过不懈的努力和团队合作,研究团队才成功破译了这种稀有植物的基因序列。


10. 2023全国甲卷:While digital devices have greatly improved communication efficiency, over - reliance on them may lead to a decline in face - to - face interaction skills, and this is becoming a growing concern among educators.
- 结构分析:While...是让步状语从句,and连接两个并列主句。
- 翻译:尽管电子设备极大提高了沟通效率,但过度依赖它们可能导致面对面交流能力的下降,这正日益成为教育工作者担忧的问题。

 

10个经典英语长难句深度解析|啃透它们,阅读写作能力飙升!

在高考英语中,长难句是拉开分数差距的关键——无论是阅读题的信息定位、完形填空的逻辑判断,还是写作题的句式升级,都离不开对复杂句式的理解与运用。本文精选10类高考高频长难句类型,每类搭配“经典例句+结构拆解+考点点拨+写作应用”,帮你从“读懂”到“会用”,彻底攻克长难句难关。

1. 名词性从句类:句子作“名词”,掌握4大细分句式

名词性从句(主语/宾语/表语/同位语从句)的核心是“用完整句子充当主语、宾语等名词性成分”,高考中常考连接词选择(that/what/whether等)和从句语序(陈述语序)。

主语从句:句子作主语,常以It为形式主语

经典例句:It is well - known that regular exercise can improve both physical and mental health.

- 结构拆解:
① 形式主语:It(避免句子头重脚轻);
② 真正主语:that regular exercise can improve...health(完整句子作主语,说明“众所周知”的内容);
③ 谓语:is well - known。
- 考点点拨:高考单选常考“形式主语It与真正主语的搭配”,需注意that不可省略,且从句用陈述语序(如不用can regular exercise...)。
- 写作应用:描述普遍现象时用“ It is + 形容词(obvious/important)+ that从句 ”,比如写“环保”主题:It is obvious that protecting the environment is everyone's responsibility.


宾语从句:句子作宾语,紧跟谓语动词

经典例句:Our teacher told us that we should preview the new lesson before each class.

- 结构拆解:
① 主句:Our teacher told us(主谓宾结构,us是间接宾语);
② 宾语从句:that we should preview...class(直接宾语,补充“告诉”的具体内容)。
- 考点点拨:若主句为过去时(told),从句需用相应过去时态(should为情态动词过去式);连接词that可省略,但whether/if(表“是否”)不可省。
- 写作应用:表达“建议/观点”时用“主语 + 动词(say/believe)+ that从句 ”,如写“学习方法”:Many students believe that taking notes in class helps remember key points.

表语从句:句子作表语,紧跟系动词

经典例句:The most important thing is that we must stay calm when facing difficulties.

- 结构拆解:
① 主句主干:The most important thing is(主系表结构);
② 表语从句:that we must stay calm...difficulties(作表语,说明“最重要的事”是什么)。
- 考点点拨:常见系动词除be外,还有look/seem/become等,从句需用陈述语序,连接词that不可省略。
- 写作应用:总结观点时用“ The key/result is that从句 ”,如写“团队合作”:The secret of a successful team is that everyone supports each other.

同位语从句:句子作同位语,解释名词内容

经典例句:We all heard the news that our school won the regional sports competition.

- 结构拆解:
① 主句:We all heard the news(主谓宾结构);
② 同位语从句:that our school won...competition(解释news的具体内容,与news地位平等)。
- 考点点拨:常修饰的名词有news/fact/idea等,连接词that不可省略,且从句不缺成分(区别于定语从句)。
- 写作应用:补充具体信息时用“名词 + that同位语从句 ”,如写“科技”:We have received the information that a new science museum will open next month.


2. 定语从句类:句子作“定语”,限定名词范围

定语从句的核心是“修饰名词或代词”,高考重点考限制性与非限制性的区别、关系词(which/that/when等)的选择,需明确“修饰对象”和“从句成分”。

限制性定语从句:不可省略,限定名词范围

经典例句:The book that I borrowed from the library yesterday is very interesting.

- 结构拆解:
① 先行词:The book(被修饰的名词);
② 定语从句:that I borrowed...yesterday(限定“哪本书”,不可省略,否则句子意为“这本书很有趣”,信息不完整);
③ 关系词:that(在从句中作borrowed的宾语,可省略)。
- 考点点拨:先行词指物时,关系词可用that/which;若先行词被the only/最高级修饰,只能用that。
- 写作应用:限定名词时用,如写“朋友”:The friend who helped me with my math exam last week is coming to my house.

非限制性定语从句:可省略,补充额外信息

经典例句:My hometown, which is a small city in the south of China, has changed a lot in recent years.

- 结构拆解:
① 先行词:My hometown(被修饰的名词);
② 定语从句:which is a small city...China(补充“家乡”的位置,可省略,不影响主句“家乡变化大”的核心意思);
③ 关系词:which(指物,不可用that,且不可省略)。
- 考点点拨:常与主句用逗号隔开,先行词指人用who/whom,指物用which,指代整个主句用which。
- 写作应用:补充背景信息时用,如写“节日”:The Spring Festival, which is the most important festival in China, is usually celebrated with family gatherings.


关系代词引导的定语从句:在从句中作主语/宾语

经典例句:The girl who sits next to me in class is good at playing the piano.

- 结构拆解:
① 先行词:The girl(指人);
② 定语从句:who sits next to me in class(who在从句中作主语,不可省略);
③ 主句谓语:is good at...piano。
- 考点点拨:关系代词who(指人,作主语)、whom(指人,作宾语)、which(指物)、that(指人/物),需根据“先行词类型”和“从句成分”选择。
- 写作应用:描述人/物特征时用,如写“老师”:The teacher whom we respect most always prepares lessons carefully.

关系副词引导的定语从句:在从句中作状语

经典例句:I still remember the day when I first went to middle school.

- 结构拆解:
① 先行词:the day(指时间);
② 定语从句:when I first went to middle school(when在从句中作时间状语,相当于“on which”);
③ 主句:I still remember the day。
- 考点点拨:关系副词when(指时间)、where(指地点)、why(指原因,先行词常为reason),在从句中不作主/宾语,不可省略。
- 写作应用:描述时间/地点时用,如写“学校”:This is the classroom where we had our first English class.

3. 状语从句类:句子作“状语”,表逻辑关系

状语从句的核心是“表时间、地点、原因等逻辑关系”,高考重点考连接词(when/because/if等)的选择和主从句时态搭配,需理清“主从句逻辑”。

时间状语从句:表动作发生的时间

经典例句:I will call you as soon as I arrive at the airport.

- 结构拆解:
① 主句:I will call you(将来时);
② 时间状语从句:as soon as I arrive at the airport(as soon as表“一……就……”,从句用一般现在时表将来)。
- 考点点拨:常见连接词有when/while/as(当……时)、after/before(在……之后/之前)、as soon as(一……就……),需注意“主将从现”(主句将来时,从句一般现在时)。
- 写作应用:描述动作顺序时用,如写“日常”:I usually listen to music while I walk to school.

地点状语从句:表动作发生的地点

经典例句:You can find the bookstore where there is a big supermarket.

- 结构拆解:
① 主句:You can find the bookstore;
② 地点状语从句:where there is a big supermarket(where表“在……的地方”,说明“书店”的位置)。
- 考点点拨:连接词用where或wherever(无论哪里),从句需明确“地点逻辑”,区别于定语从句(定语从句有先行词,状语从句无)。
- 写作应用:指明地点时用,如写“旅行”:We decided to camp where we could see the beautiful sunset.

原因状语从句:表动作发生的原因

经典例句:She didn't go to school yesterday because she was ill.

- 结构拆解:
① 主句:She didn't go to school yesterday;
② 原因状语从句:because she was ill(because表“因为”,解释“没上学”的原因)。
- 考点点拨:常见连接词有because(直接原因,回答why)、since(既然,表已知原因)、as(由于,语气较弱),because不可与so连用。
- 写作应用:解释原因时用,如写“迟到”:I was late for class because the bus was stuck in traffic.

结果状语从句:表动作产生的结果

经典例句:He studied so hard that he passed the exam easily.

- 结构拆解:
① 主句:He studied so hard(so+形容词/副词,表“如此……”);
② 结果状语从句:that he passed the exam easily(that引导结果,表“以至于……”)。
- 考点点拨:常用结构有“so+adj./adv.+that从句”或“such+(a/an)+adj.+n.+that从句”,如“such a good student that...”。
- 写作应用:强调结果时用,如写“努力”:She practiced the piano so much that she won the first prize in the competition.

条件状语从句:表动作发生的条件

经典例句:If you study hard, you will get good grades in the final exam.

- 结构拆解:
① 条件状语从句:If you study hard(If表“如果”,从句用一般现在时);
② 主句:you will get good grades...(主句用一般将来时,“主将从现”)。
- 考点点拨:常见连接词有if(如果)、unless(除非,相当于“if not”)、as long as(只要),需注意时态搭配(主将从现、主情从现等)。
- 写作应用:提出条件时用,如写“环保”:We can reduce pollution if we use public transport more often.

让步状语从句:表“尽管、即使”的转折逻辑

经典例句:Although he is very young, he can play the violin very well.

- 结构拆解:
① 让步状语从句:Although he is very young(Although表“尽管”,不可与but连用);
② 主句:he can play the violin very well。
- 考点点拨:常见连接词有although/though(尽管)、even if/though(即使)、no matter what(无论什么),注意“although不与but连用”的语法规则。
- 写作应用:表转折逻辑时用,如写“坚持”:Even if it rains heavily, we will still go to the park for the picnic.

4. 强调句类:突出句子某一成分,高频考“it is/was...that...”

强调句的核心是“强调主语、宾语、状语等成分”,高考唯一考点是“it is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他”,需掌握“句式识别”和“被强调部分判断”。

It is/was...that...结构:基础强调句式

经典例句:It was in 2020 that I first met my best friend.

- 结构拆解:
① 强调句式框架:It was + 被强调部分 + that...;
② 被强调部分:in 2020(时间状语,原句为“I first met my best friend in 2020”,强调“在2020年”);
③ 其他部分:I first met my best friend。
- 考点点拨:强调句的标志是“去掉it is/was...that后,句子仍完整”(本句去掉后为“I first met my best friend in 2020”,完整通顺);被强调部分指人时,可用who代替that。
- 写作应用:突出关键信息时用,如写“难忘的事”:It is the trip to Beijing that I will never forget.

强调主语:突出“谁”做了某事

经典例句:It is my father who helps me solve difficult problems every time.

- 结构拆解:
① 被强调部分:my father(主语,原句为“My father helps me solve...every time”);
② 强调句式:It is + my father + who...(指人用who)。
- 考点点拨:强调主语时,需注意主谓一致(被强调主语是单数,用is/was;复数用are/were,但若为过去时,统一用were)。
- 写作应用:突出人物贡献时用,如写“家人”:It is my mother who cooks delicious meals for me every day.

强调宾语:突出“做了什么”或“对谁做”

经典例句:It is this book that I want to read again.

- 结构拆解:
① 被强调部分:this book(宾语,原句为“I want to read this book again”);
② 强调句式:It is + this book + that...。
- 考点点拨:强调宾语时,需明确原句宾语位置(动词后或介词后),避免被其他成分干扰。
- 写作应用:突出事物重要性时用,如写“学习工具”:It is the dictionary that helps me improve my English vocabulary.

强调状语:突出“时间、地点、原因”等

经典例句:It is because he worked hard that he got a promotion.

- 结构拆解:
① 被强调部分:because he worked hard(原因状语,原句为“He got a promotion because he worked hard”);
② 强调句式:It is + because... + that...。
- 考点点拨:强调状语时,连接词只能用that,不可用where/when等(区别于状语从句)。
- 写作应用:突出原因/方式时用,如写“成功”:It is by practicing every day that he became a good basketball player.

5. 倒装句类:改变语序表强调,高考考“部分倒装”和“完全倒装”

倒装句的核心是“将谓语或谓语一部分提到主语前”,高考重点考“部分倒装”(助动词/情态动词提前),需掌握“倒装触发词”(否定词、only+状语等)。

部分倒装:助动词/情态动词提前,主语在中间

经典例句:I have never seen such a beautiful place before. → Never have I seen such a beautiful place before.

- 结构拆解:
① 原句:I have never seen...(主谓宾结构);
② 倒装触发词:Never(否定词置于句首,需部分倒装);
③ 部分倒装:助动词have提前,主语I在have后,即“Never have I seen...”。
- 考点点拨:常见触发词有否定词(never/not/seldom)、半否定词(hardly/scarcely)、only+状语(only then/only in this way),倒装时需将“be动词/助动词/情态动词”提前。
- 写作应用:表强调或正式语气时用,如写“感受”:Seldom do I feel so happy as when I spend time with my family.

 

 

 

 

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