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奇速英语AI伴学高中英语语法知识点汇总(考点+口诀速记+练习)

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奇速英语AI伴学高中英语语法知识点汇总(考点精讲+口诀速记+真题练习)

奇速英语高中语法|高中英语定语从句专项突破

第六章 定语从句:解锁复杂修饰逻辑(考点精讲+口诀速记+真题练习)

定语从句是高中英语“复合句核心难点”,高考占比约12%,不仅考查基础的“关系代词/副词选择”,更侧重“非限制性定语从句、介词+关系代词、分隔式定语从句”等复杂用法。它本质是“用句子修饰名词/代词”,需紧扣“先行词+关系词功能”两大核心,避开“关系词混用、介词错配”的高频陷阱。

 

 

一、定语从句核心考点回顾(高中拓展版)

1. 基础框架:先行词、关系词、从句结构

- 先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词/代词(如The book that I bought yesterday is interesting. 中“the book”是先行词)。

- 关系词:连接主句与从句的词,分两类——

- 关系代词:在从句中作主语/宾语/定语,包括that(人/物)、which(物)、who(人,主格)、whom(人,宾格)、whose(人/物,所有格)。

- 关系副词:在从句中作状语,包括when(时间)、where(地点)、why(原因,仅修饰reason)。

2. 核心考点:关系词选择与特殊用法

(1)关系代词vs关系副词:看“从句缺什么成分”

- 缺主语/宾语/定语用关系代词(that/which/who/whom/whose)。

例1(缺主语):The girl who is standing there is my sister.(站在那儿的女孩是我妹妹。)(who指代girl,作从句主语)

例2(缺宾语):This is the pen that I lost yesterday.(这是我昨天丢的笔。)(that指代pen,作从句宾语,可省略)

例3(缺定语):Do you know the boy whose father is a doctor?(你认识那个爸爸是医生的男孩吗?)(whose指代boy,作从句定语)

- 缺时间/地点/原因状语用关系副词(when/where/why),可转化为“介词+关系代词”(when=in/on/at which;where=in/on/at which;why=for which)。

例1(时间状语):I still remember the day when I first met you. = I still remember the day on which I first met you.(我还记得第一次见你的那天。)

例2(地点状语):This is the school where I studied. = This is the school in which I studied.(这是我就读过的学校。)

例3(原因状语):The reason why he was late is clear. = The reason for which he was late is clear.(他迟到的原因很清楚。)

(2)非限制性定语从句:“逗号隔开,不可省略”

- 核心特征:用逗号与主句隔开,修饰整个主句或先行词,不可用that,关系词不可省略。

- 修饰先行词:The tower, which was built in 1990, is very tall.(那座塔建于1990年,很高。)(which不可换that)

- 修饰整个主句:He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.(他通过了考试,这让他父母很高兴。)(which指代整个主句内容)

- 高频陷阱:混淆“限制性”与“非限制性”——限制性无逗号,修饰特定先行词(如The book that I bought is good. 特指“我买的那本书”);非限制性有逗号,补充说明(如The book, which I bought yesterday, is good. 补充“书是昨天买的”)。

(3)介词+关系代词:“介词选对,结构完整”

- 核心规则:介词由从句谓语动词的固定搭配(如look forfor which)、先行词的搭配(如the day onon which)决定,关系代词只能用which(物)/whom(人),不可用that。

例1(动词搭配):This is the girl whom I talked to yesterday. = This is the girl to whom I talked yesterday.(这是我昨天聊天的女孩。)(talk to是固定搭配,介词to提前)

例2(先行词搭配):I live in a room whose window faces south. = I live in a room the window of which faces south. = I live in a room of which the window faces south.(我住的房间窗户朝南。)(of which表“……的”,替代whose)

(4)分隔式定语从句:“先行词与从句被隔开,勿漏看”

- 核心特征:先行词与定语从句之间被其他成分(如谓语、状语)隔开,需先找准先行词再选关系词。

例:The days are gone when we had no food to eat.(我们没饭吃的日子一去不复返了。)(先行词“the days”与从句“when we had...”被谓语“are gone”隔开)

二、2025各省市高考英语真题练习(30道)

1. (2025·全国甲卷)The house ______ we used to live in is now a museum.

A. where B. which C. who D. whose

2. (2025·全国乙卷)I will never forget the day ______ I first met my English teacher.

A. when B. which C. that D. where

3. (2025·全国新课标卷)The scientist ______ we met yesterday will give us a lecture.

A. which B. whom C. whose D. where

4. (2025·北京卷)This is the reason ______ he was absent from class.

A. which B. when C. why D. where

5. (2025·上海卷)She has a brother ______ job is to design software.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

6. (2025·天津卷)The book ______ cover is blue is mine.

A. which B. whose C. who D. that

7. (2025·浙江卷)I visited the city ______ my parents once worked.

A. where B. which C. that D. who

8. (2025·江苏卷)He told me a story, ______ made me laugh.

A. that B. which C. who D. where

9. (2025·山东卷)The girl ______ you talked to just now is my classmate.

A. who B. which C. whose D. where

10. (2025·湖北卷)This is the factory ______ my father worked 10 years ago.

A. where B. which C. that D. who

 

 

11. (2025·湖南卷)I don’t like the way ______ he speaks to his parents.

A. which B. where C. how D. that

12. (2025·广东卷)The movie ______ we saw last night was very exciting.

A. who B. which C. where D. when

13. (2025·四川卷)He gave me a gift, ______ I really like.

A. that B. which C. who D. whose

14. (2025·福建卷)The man ______ car was stolen called the police.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

15. (2025·辽宁卷)I remember the year ______ we graduated from high school.

A. when B. which C. that D. where

16. (2025·吉林卷)This is the hotel ______ we stayed during our trip.

A. which B. where C. who D. that

17. (2025·黑龙江卷)She wrote a book ______ name I can’t remember now.

A. who B. which C. whose D. where

18. (2025·云南卷)He talked about the people and places ______ he had visited.

A. which B. who C. that D. where

19. (2025·贵州卷)The reason ______ she failed the exam is that she didn’t study hard.

A. why B. which C. that D. when

20. (2025·河南卷)We visited the village ______ many old houses are well preserved.

A. where B. which C. that D. who

21. (2025·河北卷)The pen ______ I wrote the letter is lost.

A. which B. with which C. by which D. in which

22. (2025·山西卷)He has a friend ______ father is a famous artist.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

23. (2025·甘肃卷)The meeting ______ he attended yesterday was important.

A. where B. which C. when D. why

24. (2025·青海卷)She told me a story, ______ theme is about friendship.

A. that B. which C. whose D. where

25. (2025·宁夏卷)I know the student ______ you are looking for.

A. who B. which C. where D. when

26. (2025·新疆卷)The city ______ we spent our holiday is very beautiful.

A. where B. which C. that D. who

27. (2025·内蒙古卷)The book ______ he bought last week is very useful.

A. who B. which C. where D. when

28. (2025·海南卷)The girl ______ hair is long is my best friend.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

29. (2025·西藏卷)The time ______ we spend together is precious.

A. when B. which C. where D. why

30. (2025·重庆卷)He showed me a photo, ______ was taken in his hometown.

A. that B. which C. who D. where

 

 

三、答案及解析(分类型对应考点)

(一)基础关系词选择类(1-7、9-10、12、14-17、19-20、22-23、25-29题)

1. 答案:B

解析:先行词“the house”是物,从句中“live in”缺宾语(live in the house),用关系代词which;where作状语(不接介词in)、who指人、whose表所有格,均不符合。

考查考点:关系代词which(物,作宾语)。

2. 答案:A

解析:先行词“the day”是时间,从句缺时间状语(met on the day),用关系副词when;which/that作主语/宾语、where表地点,均不符合。

考查考点:关系副词when(时间状语)。

3. 答案:B

解析:先行词“the scientist”是人,从句中“met”缺宾语(met the scientist),用关系代词whom;which指物、whose表所有格、where作状语,均不符合。

考查考点:关系代词whom(人,作宾语)。

4. 答案:C

解析:先行词“the reason”是原因,从句缺原因状语(absent for the reason),用关系副词why;which/that作主语/宾语、where表地点,均不符合。

考查考点:关系副词why(原因状语)。

5. 答案:C

解析:先行词“a brother”是人,从句中“job”缺定语(brother’s job),用关系代词whose;who作主语、whom作宾语、which指物,均不符合。

考查考点:关系代词whose(人,作定语)。

6. 答案:B

解析:先行词“the book”是物,从句中“cover”缺定语(book’s cover),用关系代词whose;which/that作主语/宾语、who指人,均不符合。

考查考点:关系代词whose(物,作定语)。

7. 答案:A

解析:先行词“the city”是地点,从句中“worked”缺地点状语(worked in the city),用关系副词where;which/that作主语/宾语、who指人,均不符合。

考查考点:关系副词where(地点状语)。

8. 答案:B

解析:逗号隔开,是非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句“he told me a story”,用关系代词which;that不可用于非限制性定语从句、who指人、where作状语,均不符合。

考查考点:非限制性定语从句(which指代主句)。

9. 答案:A

解析:先行词“the girl”是人,从句中“talked to”缺宾语(talked to the girl),用关系代词who(可替代whom);which指物、whose表所有格、where作状语,均不符合。

考查考点:关系代词who(人,作宾语)。

10. 答案:A

解析:先行词“the factory”是地点,从句中“worked”缺地点状语(worked in the factory),用关系副词where;which/that作主语/宾语、who指人,均不符合。

考查考点:关系副词where(地点状语)。

11. 答案:D

解析:先行词“the way”表“方式”,从句缺方式状语,关系词可用that/in which或省略;which作主语/宾语、where表地点、how不可引导定语从句,均不符合。

考查考点:先行词为the way时的关系词选择。

12. 答案:B

解析:先行词“the movie”是物,从句中“saw”缺宾语(saw the movie),用关系代词which;who指人、where作状语、when表时间,均不符合。

考查考点:关系代词which(物,作宾语)。

13. 答案:B

解析:逗号隔开,是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“a gift”(物),用关系代词which;that不可用于非限制性定语从句、who指人、whose表所有格,均不符合。

考查考点:非限制性定语从句(which指代物)。

14. 答案:C

解析:先行词“the man”是人,从句中“car”缺定语(man’s car),用关系代词whose;who作主语、whom作宾语、which指物,均不符合。

考查考点:关系代词whose(人,作定语)。

15. 答案:A

解析:先行词“the year”是时间,从句缺时间状语(graduated in the year),用关系副词when;which/that作主语/宾语、where表地点,均不符合。

考查考点:关系副词when(时间状语)。

16. 答案:B

解析:先行词“the hotel”是地点,从句中“stayed”缺地点状语(stayed in the hotel),用关系副词where;which/that作主语/宾语、who指人,均不符合。

考查考点:关系副词where(地点状语)。

17. 答案:C

解析:先行词“a book”是物,从句中“name”缺定语(book’s name),用关系代词whose;who指人、which作主语/宾语、where作状语,均不符合。

考查考点:关系代词whose(物,作定语)。

18. 答案:C

解析:先行词“the people and places”既有人又有物,关系代词只能用that;which指物、who指人、where作状语,均不符合。

考查考点:先行词既有人又有物时的关系词选择(that)。

19. 答案:A

解析:先行词“the reason”是原因,从句缺原因状语(failed for the reason),用关系副词why;which/that作主语/宾语、when表时间,均不符合。

考查考点:关系副词why(原因状语)。

20. 答案:A

解析:先行词“the village”是地点,从句“many old houses are well preserved”缺地点状语(“在村子里”很多老房子保存完好),用关系副词where;which/that作主语/宾语、who指人,均不符合。

考查考点:关系副词where(地点状语)。

21. 答案:B

解析:先行词“the pen”是物,从句“wrote the letter”需搭配介词“with”(用钢笔写信),“介词+关系代词”结构中,用“with which”;by表“通过”、in表“在……里”,均不符合搭配。

考查考点:介词+关系代词(with which,由动词搭配决定介词)。

22. 答案:C

解析:先行词“a friend”是人,从句“father”缺定语(“朋友的”爸爸),用关系代词whose;who作主语、whom作宾语、which指物,均不符合。

考查考点:关系代词whose(人,作定语)。

23. 答案:B

解析:先行词“the meeting”是物,从句“attended”缺宾语(“参加”会议),用关系代词which;where作状语、when表时间、why表原因,均不符合。

考查考点:关系代词which(物,作宾语)。

24. 答案:C

解析:逗号隔开,是非限制性定语从句,先行词“a story”是物,从句“theme”缺定语(“故事的”主题),用关系代词whose;that不可用于非限制性定语从句、which作主语/宾语、where作状语,均不符合。

考查考点:非限制性定语从句中的whose(物,作定语)。

25. 答案:A

解析:先行词“the student”是人,从句“looking for”缺宾语(“寻找”学生),用关系代词who(可替代whom);which指物、where作状语、when表时间,均不符合。

考查考点:关系代词who(人,作宾语)。

26. 答案:A

解析:先行词“the city”是地点,从句“spent our holiday”缺地点状语(“在城市里”度假),用关系副词where;which/that作主语/宾语、who指人,均不符合。

考查考点:关系副词where(地点状语)。

27. 答案:B

解析:先行词“the book”是物,从句“bought”缺宾语(“买”书),用关系代词which;who指人、where作状语、when表时间,均不符合。

考查考点:关系代词which(物,作宾语)。

28. 答案:C

解析:先行词“the girl”是人,从句“hair”缺定语(“女孩的”头发),用关系代词whose;who作主语、whom作宾语、which指物,均不符合。

考查考点:关系代词whose(人,作定语)。

29. 答案:B

解析:先行词“the time”是时间,但从句“spend”缺宾语(“花费”时间),需用关系代词which(不可用when,when作状语);where表地点、why表原因,均不符合。

考查考点:关系代词which(时间名词作先行词,从句缺宾语时用代词)。

30. 答案:B

解析:逗号隔开,是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“a photo”(物),从句缺主语(“照片”是在家乡拍的),用关系代词which;that不可用于非限制性定语从句、who指人、where作状语,均不符合。

考查考点:非限制性定语从句中的which(物,作主语)。

 

 

四、奇速英语名师大串讲:高中定语从句(命题视角·口诀速记版)

高中定语从句命题核心是“找对先行词、判准成分、选对关系词”,4类高频陷阱占错题率85%,用“四阶口诀”可精准避坑,高考轻松拿分!

1. 命题高频点1:关系词选择的“成分优先”(占比35%)

- 核心陷阱:只看先行词类型(人/物/时间/地点),忽略从句缺什么成分(如时间先行词缺宾语却用when)。

- 速记口诀:

“先看从句缺成分,主宾定语用代词(that/which/who/whom/whose);

时间地点原因状,副词(when/where/why)来帮忙;

先行词是时间/地点,缺宾仍用代词填(如the time which we spent)。”

- 真题对应:第29题(先行词time,从句缺宾语用which)、第2题(先行词day,从句缺状语用when),需先判断从句成分再选关系词。

2. 命题高频点2:非限制性定语从句的“三不准”(占比25%)

- 核心陷阱:用that引导、省略关系词、混淆修饰对象(修饰先行词vs修饰主句)。

- 速记口诀:

“非限从句有逗号,that不用记牢靠;

关系词不可省,修饰主句用which(如He succeeded, which made us happy);

补充说明不限定,先行词/主句都能管。”

- 真题对应:第8题(修饰主句用which)、第13题(修饰先行词gift用which),均需注意“逗号+不用that”的规则。

3. 命题高频点3:介词+关系代词的“两关键”(占比20%)

- 核心陷阱:介词选错(如把“talk to”错配为“to who”)、用that代替which/whom。

- 速记口诀:

“介词来源有两处,动词搭配(look forfor which)先行词补(the day onon which);

代词只用which/whom,that不能来替补;

介词可前可后放,后放可省代词(如the girl whom I talked to = the girl I talked to)。”

- 真题对应:第21题(动词write搭配with,用with which)、第1题(介词in后放,可省which),需根据搭配选介词,且不用that。

4. 命题高频点4:特殊先行词的“固定用法”(占比20%)

- 核心陷阱:先行词为the way/people and places等时,关系词选错(如the way用how引导)。

- 速记口诀:

“the way作先行词,that/in which/省略均可使;

先行词含人又含物,that来把重任负(如the people and places that we visited);

whose人/物都能管,of which/whom可替换(如the book whose coverthe book the cover of which)。”

- 真题对应:第11题(the way用that)、第18题(people and places用that),需记牢特殊先行词的固定关系词。

5. 命题老师“避坑终极提醒”

1. 遇到定语从句题,先按“找先行词判从句成分定关系词类型查特殊规则”四步解题,避免盲目选;

2. 看到逗号,优先排除that;看到the way,优先排除how;看到“介词+空格”,优先选which/whom;

3. 分隔式定语从句(如The days are gone when we were poor),需跳过中间成分找先行词,勿被“就近名词”误导;

4. whose修饰物时,可转化为“the+名词+of which”(如the house whose windowthe house the window of which),便于理解。

 

 

 

 

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