英语 “there be” 句型与 “have/has” 句型全解析

一、核心定义：明确两种句型的本质属性

（一）there be 句型

there be 句型是表示 “某地 / 某时存在某物 / 某人” 的存在句型，核心结构为 “there + be 动词 + 主语 + 地点 / 时间状语”。

核心目的：强调 “存在” 的状态，而非 “拥有” 的关系，明确某物 / 某人在特定空间或时间内的存在情况。

be 动词变化规则：根据主语的单复数和时态调整，一般现在时用 is/are，一般过去时用 was/were，将来时用 will be/there is/are going to be。

示例：There is a book on the desk.（表示 “书在桌子上” 的存在状态，主语 a book 为单数，用 is）；There were two cats in the garden yesterday.（表示 “昨天花园里有两只猫”，主语 two cats 为复数，时态为过去时，用 were）。

（二）have/has 句型

have/has 句型是表示 “某人 / 某物拥有某物” 的所属句型，核心结构为 “主语 + have/has + 宾语”。

核心目的：强调 “所属关系”，即主语对宾语的拥有权，明确谁拥有什么东西。

have/has 用法规则：主语为第一人称（I/we）、第二人称（you）或复数名词时用 have；主语为第三人称单数（he/she/it 或单数名词）时用 has；过去式为 had（所有人称通用）。

示例：I have a new pen.（表示 “我拥有一支新钢笔”，主语 I 用 have）；She has three brothers.（表示 “她拥有三个兄弟”，主语 she 为第三人称单数，用 has）。

 

二、重点知识：系统拆解规则（附实例）

（一）there be 句型：三大核心结构与用法

1. 结构一：There + is/are + 单数 / 复数主语 + 地点状语规则：根据主语的单复数确定 be 动词，单数主语搭配 is，复数主语搭配 are，地点状语明确存在的位置。示例：There is a park near my home.（主语 a park 为单数，用 is，地点状语 near my home 说明位置）；There are some apples in the basket.（主语 some apples 为复数，用 are，地点状语 in the basket 说明位置）。

2. 结构二：There + was/were + 主语 + 地点 / 时间状语（过去时）规则：描述过去某时 / 某地存在的事物，主语单数用 was，复数用 were，时间状语需体现过去范畴。示例：There was a concert in the hall last night.（主语 a concert 为单数，时态为过去时，用 was，时间状语 last night 明确过去）；There were no students in the classroom just now.（主语 no students 为复数，过去时用 were，时间状语 just now 说明过去）。

3. 结构三：There + will be/there is/are going to be + 主语 + 地点 / 时间状语（将来时）规则：表示将来某时 / 某地会存在的事物，will be 适用于所有人称，be going to be 需根据主语单复数调整 is/are。示例：There will be a sports meeting next month.（用 will be 表示将来，时间状语 next month 明确未来）；There is going to be a rain this evening.（主语 a rain 为单数，用 is going to be，时间状语 this evening 说明将来）。

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（二）have/has 句型：三大核心结构与用法

1. 结构一：主语（I/we/you/ 复数名词）+ have + 宾语规则：主语为非第三人称单数时，用 have 表示 “拥有”，宾语为被拥有的事物。示例：We have a big house in the countryside.（主语 we 用 have，宾语 a big house 是拥有的事物）；They have two pet dogs.（主语 they 为复数，用 have，宾语 two pet dogs 为被拥有物）。

2. 结构二：主语（he/she/it/ 单数名词）+ has + 宾语规则：主语为第三人称单数时，用 has 表示 “拥有”，需注意单数名词作主语时的搭配。示例：He has a good sense of humor.（主语 he 为第三人称单数，用 has）；The school has a large library.（主语 the school 为单数名词，用 has）。

3. 结构三：主语 + had + 宾语（过去时）规则：描述过去的所属关系，无论主语单复数，统一用 had，时态通过语境或时间状语体现。示例：She had long hair when she was a child.（过去时，用 had，时间状语 when she was a child 说明过去）；They had a happy family before moving to the city.（过去时用 had，语境体现过去状态）。

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三、重点练习（分模块，每题 8 题）

（一）there be 句型练习（8 题）

1. 用 there be 句型改写句子：A tree stands in front of the building.__________________________________________________
2. 选择合适的 be 动词填空：There ______ a cup of tea on the table.；There ______ some books in the schoolbag.
3. 翻译句子：明天我们学校将会有一场英语演讲比赛。__________________________________________________
4. 用过去时补全句子：There ______（有）a small river in this village many years ago.
5. 改正错误：There is two hospitals in our town.__________________________________________________
6. 填空：There ______（be）a lot of rain here in summer every year.
7. 翻译句子：冰箱里没有牛奶了。__________________________________________________
8. 选择：There ______ going to be a film this weekend. ( ) A. is B. are C. will D. was
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（二）have/has 句型练习（8 题）

1. 用 have/has 句型改写句子：A new computer belongs to Tom.__________________________________________________
2. 填空：My parents ______（have）a new car. They often drive it to work.
3. 翻译句子：他的爷爷有一个收藏邮票的爱好。__________________________________________________
4. 改正错误：She have three English dictionaries.__________________________________________________
5. 选择：The little girl ______ a beautiful doll. ( ) A. have B. has C. had D. is having
6. 填空：We ______（had）a great time at the party last night.
7. 翻译句子：这家商店有各种款式的鞋子。__________________________________________________
8. 改正错误：He doesn’t has a mobile phone.__________________________________________________
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四、难点知识：易混淆点精准区分

（一）难点一：there be 句型与 have/has 句型的核心区别

难点解析：学生易混淆 “存在” 与 “所属” 的逻辑，误用两种句型描述同一情境。

核心判断依据：强调 “某地有某物” 用 there be 句型；强调 “某人 / 某物拥有某物” 用 have/has 句型。

示例：① There are three windows in the room.（房间里有三扇窗户，强调存在，用 there be）；② The room has three windows.（这个房间有三扇窗户，强调所属，用 has）。

（二）难点二：there be 句型的 “就近原则”

难点解析：当 there be 句型中主语有多个且单复数不同时，学生易误按总数选择 be 动词。

核心规则：be 动词的单复数由离它最近的主语决定，即 “就近原则”。

错误示例：There are a book and two pens on the desk.（×，离 be 动词最近的主语 a book 为单数）；正确：There is a book and two pens on the desk.（√，按就近主语 a book 用 is）。

（三）难点三：have/has 的否定句与疑问句结构

难点解析：学生易在否定句和疑问句中混淆 have/has 的用法，尤其是第三人称单数形式。

核心规则：

1. 否定句：主语为非第三人称单数时，用 “don’t have”；第三人称单数时，用 “doesn’t have”（不可说 has not）。
2. 疑问句：主语为非第三人称单数时，用 “Do + 主语 + have...?”；第三人称单数时，用 “Does + 主语 + have...?”（have 用原形）。

示例：① 否定句：They don’t have enough money.（非三单，don’t have）；He doesn’t have enough money.（三单，doesn’t have）；② 疑问句：Do you have a dictionary?（非三单，Do + have）；Does she have a dictionary?（三单，Does + have）。

五、难点练习（10 题）

1. 选择：______ a lot of trees in the forest. ( ) A. There is B. There are C. Have D. Has
2. 改写句子（用 have/has 句型）：There are five bedrooms in the house.__________________________________________________
3. 判断句子正误，若错误改正：There is some bread and eggs on the plate.__________________________________________________
4. 填空：______ you ______（have）a English class every Monday?
5. 翻译句子：我们学校有一个很大的操场。（用 there be 句型）__________________________________________________
6. 改正错误：He doesn’t has a red pencil.__________________________________________________
7. 选择：My brother ______ two basketballs, and there ______ a football in his room too. ( ) A. have; is B. has; is C. has; are D. have; are
8. 改写句子（用 there be 句型）：The factory has many workers.__________________________________________________
9. 填空：There ______（be）a pen, a ruler and two erasers in my pencil-box.
10. 翻译句子：她没有时间参加这个会议。（用 have/has 句型）__________________________________________________

 

六、易错点分析：高频错误与规避方法

（一）there be 句型易错点

1. 误用 have/has 替代 be 动词错误示例：There have a dog in the yard.（×）；正确示例：There is a dog in the yard.（√）；规避方法：牢记 there be 句型的核心是 “存在”，be 动词不可替换为 have/has，可记忆口诀 “存在用 there be，拥有用 have/has”。

2. 忽略 “就近原则”错误示例：There are an apple and three pears in the bowl.（×）；正确示例：There is an apple and three pears in the bowl.（√）；规避方法：遇到多个主语时，先看离 be 动词最近的主语单复数，再确定 be 动词形式。

（二）have/has 句型易错点

1. 第三人称单数否定句和疑问句中误用 has错误示例：Does he has a new bike?（×）；正确示例：Does he have a new bike?（√）；规避方法：否定句中 doesn’t 后、疑问句中 does 后，have 需用原形，不可加 s。

2. 混淆 “have” 的 “拥有” 含义与其他含义错误示例：She has lunch at 12 o’clock.（此句中 have 表示 “吃”，非 “拥有”，无需变 has 为 have 用于否定 / 疑问）；规避方法：只有表示 “拥有” 时，才遵循 have/has 的单复数规则；表示 “吃、喝、进行” 等其他含义时，按实义动词规则变化（如否定句加 don’t/doesn’t，后面加原形 have）。

 

七、3 年内真题训练（10 题，模拟中考难度）

1. ______ a bank near our school. We often go there to deposit money. ( )A. There is B. There are C. Have D. Has
2. My sister ______ a nice dress. She wears it on special days. ( )A. have B. has C. had D. is having
3. There ______ some milk and bread on the table. You can have them for breakfast.（用适当的 be 动词填空）
4. —______ your father ______ a car? —Yes, he does. ( )A. Do; have B. Does; have C. Does; has D. Do; has
5. There ______ a football match between Class 1 and Class 2 tomorrow afternoon. ( )A. is going to be B. is going to have C. will have D. was
6. The old man ______ no children. He lives alone. ( )A. have B. has C. had D. is having
7. There ______ two libraries in our city ten years ago. ( )A. is B. are C. was D. were
8. —How many friends ______ you ______? —I have three close friends. ( )A. do; has B. does; have C. do; have D. does; has
9. There ______ a lot of traffic in this area during rush hour. ( )A. is B. are C. have D. has
10. Tom’s family ______ a big house with a garden. ( )A. have B. has C. had D. is having

 

八、强化训练（满分 100 分）

（一）单项选择题（每题 4 分，共 40 分）

1. ______ some flowers and a tree in the garden. ( )A. There is B. There are C. Have D. Has
2. —Does your mother ______ a watch? —Yes, she has a beautiful one. ( )A. have B. has C. had D. having
3. There ______ going to be a math test next Monday. ( )A. is B. are C. will D. was
4. My uncle ______ a restaurant in the downtown area. ( )A. have B. has C. had D. is having
5. There ______ no water in the bottle. Can you get some for me? ( )A. is B. are C. have D. has
6. —______ there any bookstores near your home? —Yes, there is one on the street corner. ( )A. Is B. Are C. Do D. Does
7. The little boy ______ two big eyes and a small mouth. ( )A. have B. has C. had D. is having
8. There ______ a lot of snow in the north of China in winter. ( )A. is B. are C. have D. has
9. —How many pens ______ your brother ______? —He has four. ( )A. do; have B. does; have C. does; has D. do; has
10. There ______ an English party in our class next Friday. ( )A. will have B. is going to have C. will be D. was
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（二）填空题（每空 3 分，共 30 分）

11. There ______（be）a park and two supermarkets near my community.
12. My parents ______（have）a trip to Beijing next month.
13. There ______（be）no tall buildings in this town ten years ago.
14. ______ your sister ______（have）a new schoolbag?
15. There ______（be）a lot of interesting books in the library.
16. He ______（not have）a computer at home. He uses the one in the school.
17. There ______（be）a football match on TV this evening.
18. We ______（have）three classes in the afternoon every day.
19. There ______（be）some juice in the glass. You can drink it.
20. —______ there ______（be）a concert this weekend? —Yes, there will be.

（三）句型转换与翻译（每题 5 分，共 30 分）

21. 用 there be 句型改写：The classroom has forty desks and chairs._________________________________________________
22. 用 have/has 句型改写：There is a big supermarket in this street._________________________________________________
23. 翻译句子：冰箱里有一些水果和蔬菜。（用 there be 句型）_________________________________________________
24. 改正错误：There are a book and a pen in my schoolbag._________________________________________________
25. 翻译句子：他有一个幸福的家庭和一份好工作。（用 have/has 句型）_________________________________________________
26. 改正错误：She doesn’t has any brothers or sisters._________________________________________________

 

九、所有练习答案与解析

（一）重点练习答案与解析

（一）there be 句型练习（8 题）

1. 答案：There is a tree in front of the building.解析：原句强调 “树在大楼前” 的存在状态，符合 there be 句型用法，主语 a tree 为单数，用 is，地点状语保持不变，使表达更贴合 “存在” 的语义。

2. 答案：is；are解析：第一空主语 a cup of tea 为单数，be 动词用 is；第二空主语 some books 为复数，be 动词用 are，遵循 “主语单复数决定 be 动词” 的规则。

3. 答案：There will be an English speech contest in our school tomorrow. / There is going to be an English speech contest in our school tomorrow.解析：表示将来的存在，可用 will be 或 is going to be（主语 an English speech contest 为单数），时间状语 tomorrow 明确将来，符合 there be 将来时结构。

4. 答案：was解析：时间状语 many years ago 表明时态为过去时，主语 a small river 为单数，过去时中单数主语搭配 was，符合 there be 过去时规则。

5. 答案：There are two hospitals in our town.解析：主语 two hospitals