作者:未知 时间:2025-11-12 阅读:( )
100个公式=高中语法全掌握!学霸私藏提分清单,附高考/经典例句
高中语法难?知识点杂?刷题无数却收效甚微?其实,掌握核心规律就能事半功倍!学霸们之所以能在语法题中稳拿高分,关键在于吃透了这100个“万能公式”——它们浓缩了高中语法所有核心考点,从基础句型到复杂句式,从词法运用到句法结构,全覆盖、无死角,背会就能直接套用,提分效率翻倍!每个公式均搭配高考真题或经典例句,帮你精准对接考点,理解更透彻!
一、基础句型核心公式(10个)
1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)→ 主谓结构基本框架
例句:The birds sing loudly in the morning.(鸟儿在清晨放声歌唱。)
2. 主语+谓语+宾语(及物动词)→ 动作+对象核心句式
例句:She finished her homework before dinner.(她晚饭前完成了作业。)
3. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 → 双宾语经典结构
例句:My teacher gave me a valuable book as a reward.(老师送了我一本珍贵的书作为奖励。)
4. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 → 宾补完整表达公式
例句:We elected him monitor of our class.(我们选他当班级班长。)
5. 主语+系动词+表语 → 主系表基础句型
例句:The flowers in the garden are extremely beautiful.(花园里的花非常漂亮。)
6. There be+主语+地点/时间 → 存在句型万能公式
例句:There are three libraries in our school.(我们学校有三个图书馆。)
7. It is/was+adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth. → 不定式作主语常用结构
例句:It is important for us to master basic grammar rules.(掌握基础语法规则对我们很重要。)
8. It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. → 花费类表达固定句式
例句:(2022·新高考I卷)It takes about 30 minutes to walk from the campus to the city center.(从校园步行到市中心大约需要30分钟。)
9. 主语+find/think/feel+it+adj.+to do sth. → 形式宾语典型用法
例句:I find it necessary to practice English every day.(我发现每天练习英语是必要的。)
10. 主语+prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. → 比较类句型公式
例句:He prefers to stay at home rather than go out on rainy days.(下雨天他宁愿待在家里也不愿出门。)
二、名词性从句公式(12个)
11. 主语从句:What+主语+do → 表“……的事”核心结构
例句:(2024·浙江卷)What the local community needs most is a new hospital with advanced equipment.(当地社区最需要的是一家拥有先进设备的新医院。)
12. 主语从句:That+陈述句 → 事实类主语从句公式
例句:That she passed the college entrance exam surprised everyone.(她考上了大学,这让所有人都很惊讶。)
13. 宾语从句:主句+that/if/whether+陈述句 → 陈述/疑问类宾语从句
例句:I wonder if he will attend the meeting tomorrow.(我想知道他明天是否会参加会议。)
14. 宾语从句:主句+特殊疑问词+陈述句语序 → 特殊疑问类宾语从句
例句:She asked me where I had been during the summer vacation.(她问我暑假期间去了哪里。)
15. 表语从句:主语+系动词+that/what/when/where+陈述句 → 表语从句基本结构
例句:The problem is that we don’t have enough time to prepare.(问题是我们没有足够的时间准备。)
16. 同位语从句:名词(fact/news/idea等)+that+陈述句 → 解释说明类从句
例句:We heard the news that our team had won the championship.(我们听到了我们队夺冠的消息。)
17. 名词性从句连接词选择公式:陈述句用that,一般疑问用if/whether,特殊疑问用对应疑问词
例句:He didn’t tell me when he would leave for Beijing.(他没告诉我他什么时候去北京。)
18. 宾语从句时态一致原则:主句过去时→从句相应过去时态(客观真理除外)
例句:She said she had visited the History Museum twice.(她说她已经去过历史博物馆两次了。)
19. It is known to all that+陈述句 → 众所周知类主语从句固定表达
例句:It is known to all that the earth goes around the sun.(众所周知,地球绕着太阳转。)
20. The reason why+从句+is that+从句 → 原因类表语从句公式
例句:The reason why he was late is that his bike broke down on the way.(他迟到的原因是他的自行车在路上坏了。)
21. I wonder if/whether+陈述句 → 委婉询问类宾语从句
例句:I wonder if you could help me with my English homework.(我想知道你是否能帮我辅导英语作业。)
22. What surprises me is that+陈述句 → 转折类表语从句结构
例句:What surprises me is that he speaks English so fluently.(让我惊讶的是他英语说得这么流利。)
三、定语从句公式(15个)
23. 限定性定语从句:先行词+who/whom(指人)+从句 → 指人定语从句
例句:The girl who is talking with our teacher is our monitor.(正在和老师说话的那个女孩是我们的班长。)
24. 限定性定语从句:先行词+which/that(指物)+从句 → 指物定语从句
例句:This is the book that I borrowed from the library yesterday.(这是我昨天从图书馆借的书。)
25. 限定性定语从句:先行词+whose(指人/物)+从句 → 表所属关系定语从句
例句:Do you know the boy whose father is a famous doctor?(你认识那个父亲是著名医生的男孩吗?)
26. 非限定性定语从句:先行词+who/whom/which+从句 → 补充说明类从句
例句:Li Hua, who is my best friend, won the first prize in the English competition.(我的好朋友李华在英语竞赛中获得了一等奖。)
27. 非限定性定语从句:先行词+of which/whom+从句 → 表部分关系
例句:There are 50 students in our class, most of whom are hard-working.(我们班有50名学生,其中大多数都很勤奋。)
28. 先行词为时间名词+when+从句 → 时间类定语从句
例句:I still remember the day when we first met at school.(我还记得我们在学校第一次见面的那一天。)
29. 先行词为地点名词+where+从句 → 地点类定语从句
例句:This is the city where I was born and grew up.(这是我出生和长大的城市。)
30. 先行词为reason+why+从句 → 原因类定语从句
例句:That’s the reason why she refused to accept the invitation.(那就是她拒绝接受邀请的原因。)
31. 先行词被序数词/最高级修饰+that+从句 → 特定限定类从句
例句:This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.(这是我读过的最有趣的故事。)
32. 先行词为all/something/nothing等不定代词+that+从句 → 不定代词作先行词
例句:There is nothing that can stop us from pursuing our dreams.(没有什么能阻止我们追求梦想。)
33. 先行词既指人又指物+that+从句 → 混合指代类从句
例句:We talked about the people and things that we remembered in our hometown.(我们谈论了在家乡记得的人和事。)
34. 介词+关系代词(which/whom)+从句 → 介词前置类定语从句
例句:The house in which he used to live has been pulled down.(他曾经住过的那栋房子已经被拆除了。)
35. as引导非限定性定语从句:As we all know/As is known to all → 众所周知类
例句:As we all know, practice makes perfect.(众所周知,熟能生巧。)
36. such...as.../the same...as... → 比较类定语从句
例句:He bought such a useful dictionary as his classmate recommended.(他买了一本他同学推荐的实用词典。)
37. 分隔式定语从句:先行词+其他成分+关系词+从句 → 间隔修饰类
例句:A new teacher will come tomorrow who can speak three foreign languages.(明天会来一位能说三门外语的新老师。)
四、状语从句公式(18个)
38. 时间状语从句:When/While/As+从句,主句 → 同时发生类
例句:(2024·新课标I卷)While most students prefer online courses, some still like traditional classroom teaching.(虽然大多数学生更喜欢在线课程,但有些学生仍然喜欢传统的课堂教学。)
39. 时间状语从句:As soon as/The moment+从句,主句 → 一……就……
例句:(2023·全国乙卷)The moment the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom to the playground.(铃声一响,学生们就冲出教室跑到操场。)
40. 时间状语从句:Since+从句,主句 → 自从……以来
例句:(2022·新高考II卷)Since he started learning painting, he has won three national awards.(自从开始学画画,他已经获得了三个国家级奖项。)
41. 时间状语从句:Until/Till+从句,主句 → 直到……才……
例句:(2024·新课标II卷)The experiment didn’t end until midnight because of unexpected technical problems.(由于意外的技术问题,实验直到午夜才结束。)
42. 原因状语从句:Because/Since/As+从句,主句 → 直接原因类
例句:He stayed at home because he was not feeling well.(他因为不舒服待在了家里。)
43. 原因状语从句:Now that+从句,主句 → 既然……(已知原因)
例句:Now that you have finished your homework, you can watch TV for a while.(既然你已经完成了作业,可以看一会儿电视。)
44. 条件状语从句:If/Unless+从句,主句 → 假设/否定条件类
例句:Unless you work hard, you won’t pass the final exam.(除非你努力学习,否则你不会通过期末考试。)
45. 条件状语从句:As long as/So long as+从句,主句 → 只要……就……
例句:As long as you keep practicing, you will make great progress in English.(只要你坚持练习,英语就会取得很大进步。)
46. 让步状语从句:Although/Though+从句,主句 → 尽管……
例句:(2023·全国甲卷)Although she faced many difficulties, she never gave up her dream of becoming a scientist.(尽管面临许多困难,她从未放弃成为科学家的梦想。)
47. 让步状语从句:Even if/Even though+从句,主句 → 即使……
例句:Even if it rains tomorrow, we will still go for the picnic as planned.(即使明天下雨,我们仍然会按计划去野餐。)
48. 让步状语从句:No matter what/who/how+从句,主句 → 无论……
例句:(2022·全国I卷)No matter how busy he is, he always finds time to call his parents every week.(无论有多忙,他每周都总会抽出时间给父母打电话。)
49. 比较状语从句:Than引导 → 两者比较类
例句:She runs faster than any other student in her class.(她比班上其他任何学生都跑得快。)
50. 比较状语从句:The+比较级,the+比较级 → 越……越……
例句:(2024·新课标I卷)The more you practice speaking in public, the more confident you will become.(你在公共场合练习说话越多,就会变得越自信。)
51. 比较状语从句:As+adj./adv.原级+as → 和……一样……
例句:This movie is as interesting as the one I watched last week.(这部电影和我上周看的那部一样有趣。)
52. 目的状语从句:So that/In order that+从句 → 为了……
例句:She studies hard so that she can enter her ideal university.(她努力学习是为了能进入理想的大学。)
53. 结果状语从句:So+adj./adv.+that+从句 → 如此……以至于……
例句:(2023·浙江卷)The lecture was so interesting that all the students listened carefully till the end.(讲座太有趣了,所有学生都认真听到了最后。)
54. 结果状语从句:Such+(a/an)+adj.+n.+that+从句 → 如此……以至于……
例句:(2022·全国乙卷)It was such a heavy rain that many roads were flooded in the downtown area.(雨下得太大了,市中心的许多道路都被淹没了。)
55. 方式状语从句:As+从句,主句 → 像……一样……
例句:Please do the experiment as the teacher instructed.(请按照老师的指示做实验。)
五、非谓语动词公式(15个)
56. 不定式作主语:To do sth.+谓语 → 动作作主语
例句:To learn English well requires a lot of practice.(学好英语需要大量的练习。)
57. 不定式作宾语:动词+to do sth. → 宾语为动作
例句:She decided to study abroad after graduating from high school.(她决定高中毕业后出国留学。)
58. 不定式作宾语补足语:动词+sb.+to do sth. → 补充说明宾语动作
例句:The teacher told us to hand in our homework on time.(老师告诉我们要按时交作业。)
59. 不定式作定语:名词+to do sth. → 修饰名词表动作
例句:He has a lot of tasks to finish before the deadline.(他在截止日期前有很多任务要完成。)
60. 不定式作状语:To do sth., 主句 → 目的状语
例句:He got up early to catch the first bus to the city.(他起得很早,以便赶上第一班去城里的公交车。)
61. 动名词作主语:Doing sth.+谓语 → 抽象动作作主语
例句:Reading English novels is a good way to improve reading ability.(读英文小说是提高阅读能力的好方法。)
62. 动名词作宾语:动词(enjoy/avoid/mind等)+doing sth. → 固定搭配类
例句:She enjoys listening to music when she is free.(她空闲时喜欢听音乐。)
63. 动名词作定语:Doing+名词 → 表用途/特征
例句:This is a reading room for students in the school library.(这是学校图书馆里的学生阅览室。)
64. 现在分词作定语:名词+doing sth. → 表主动/进行
例句:The girl sitting by the window is reading a famous novel.(坐在窗边的女孩正在读一本名著。)
65. 现在分词作状语:Doing sth., 主句 → 表伴随/原因
例句:Walking along the street, we saw many interesting shops.(沿着街道走时,我们看到了许多有趣的商店。)
66. 过去分词作定语:名词+done → 表被动/完成
例句:The broken window was repaired by a worker yesterday.(那扇破窗户昨天被工人修好了。)
67. 过去分词作状语:Done sth., 主句 → 表被动/原因
例句:Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks very beautiful.(从山顶上看,这座城市非常美丽。)
68. 分词作宾语补足语:动词+sb./sth.+doing/done → 补充说明动作状态
例句:I found him working hard in the classroom when I passed by.(我路过时发现他正在教室里努力学习。)
69. 独立主格结构:逻辑主语+doing/done/to do → 独立结构作状语
例句:Weather permitting, we will have a picnic in the park this weekend.(天气允许的话,我们这周末会去公园野餐。)
70. 不定式省略to:使役动词(make/let/have)/感官动词(see/hear等)+sb.+do sth. → 固定用法
例句:The teacher let the students discuss the problem in groups.(老师让学生们分组讨论这个问题。)

六、主谓一致公式(10个)
71. 单数名词/代词作主语+单数谓语 → 基本一致原则
例句:(2025·抖音图集)He likes dancing very much.(他非常喜欢跳舞。)
72. 复数名词/代词作主语+复数谓语 → 复数一致原则
例句:These books are written by a famous author.(这些书是一位著名作家写的。)
73. 就近原则:There be/Neither...nor等+谓语随邻近主语变化
例句:(2025·抖音图集)There is a pen and two books on the desk.(桌上有一支笔和两本书。)
74. 就远原则:As well as/Together with等+谓语随前面主语变化
例句:Tom, together with his friends, often plays basketball after school.(汤姆和他的朋友们经常放学后打篮球。)
75. 集体名词(family/team等)作主语+单/复数谓语(表整体/个体)
例句:Our family is going to take a trip during the holiday.(我们全家打算假期去旅行。)
76. 不定代词(everyone/someone等)作主语+单数谓语 → 不定代词一致
例句:Everyone in our class likes our English teacher.(我们班每个人都喜欢我们的英语老师。)
77. 分数/百分数+of+名词作主语+谓语随名词单复数变化 → 分数一致原则
例句:Two-thirds of the land is covered with water.(三分之二的土地被水覆盖。)
78. 并列主语(and连接)表同一概念+单数谓语 → 统一概念一致
例句:Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast.(面包黄油是我最喜欢的早餐。)
79. 并列主语(and连接)表不同概念+复数谓语 → 不同概念一致
例句:My brother and my sister are both doctors.(我的哥哥和姐姐都是医生。)
80. 专有名词(书名/机构名等)作主语+单数谓语 → 专有名词一致
例句:“Pride and Prejudice” is a classic novel written by Jane Austen.(《傲慢与偏见》是简·奥斯汀写的经典小说。)
七、特殊句式公式(10个)
81. 强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他 → 突出特定成分
例句:(2023·全国甲卷)It was not until the 1960s that the first plastic shopping bags were introduced.(直到20世纪60年代,第一个塑料购物袋才被推出。)
82. 倒装句(部分倒装):Only+状语+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语 → 强调状语
例句:Only by working hard can we achieve our goals.(只有努力工作,我们才能实现目标。)
83. 倒装句(部分倒装):So+adj./adv.+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语 → 表强调
例句:(2023·北京卷)Tom has visited the Great Wall, and so has his younger sister.(汤姆去过长城,他的妹妹也去过。)
84. 倒装句(部分倒装):Neither/Nor+助动词/情态动词+主语 → 表否定延续
例句:(2022·天津卷)Mary can’t speak French, nor can her brother.(玛丽不会说法语,她的哥哥也不会。)
85. 倒装句(完全倒装):There/Here+不及物动词+主语 → 表存在/出现
例句:Here comes the bus. Let’s hurry up.(公交车来了,我们快点。)
86. 祈使句:Do/Don’t do sth. → 命令/请求类句式
例句:Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the room.(离开房间时别忘了关灯。)
87. 反意疑问句:陈述句+简短疑问句(前肯后否/前否后肯) → 疑问确认类
例句:You have finished your homework, haven’t you?(你已经完成作业了,对吗?)
88. 感叹句:What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语! → 名词类感叹
例句:What a beautiful view it is on the top of the mountain!(山顶上的景色真美啊!)
89. 感叹句:How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语! → 形容词/副词类感叹
例句:How quickly she runs! She must be the winner.(她跑得真快啊!她一定是冠军。)
90. 省略句:状语从句中主语与主句一致且含be动词,省略主语+be → 简洁表达
例句:When (he was) asked about his plan, he just smiled and said nothing.(当被问及他的计划时,他只是笑了笑,什么也没说。)
八、情态动词与虚拟语气公式(10个)
91. 情态动词can/could → 能力/请求/推测
例句:Could you please pass me the dictionary?(你能把字典递给我吗?)
92. 情态动词may/might → 许可/可能性推测
例句:He may not come to the party tonight because he has a meeting.(他今晚可能不来参加派对,因为他有个会议。)
93. 情态动词must/have to → 必须/义务
例句:We must obey the school rules when we are at school.(我们在学校时必须遵守校规。)
94. 情态动词should/ought to → 建议/责任
例句:You should apologize to her for your rude words.(你应该为你的粗鲁言辞向她道歉。)
95. 情态动词needn’t/don’t have to → 不必
例句:You needn’t finish the work today; you can do it tomorrow.(你不必今天完成这项工作,明天做也可以。)
96. 虚拟语气(对现在虚拟):If+主语+did, 主语+would/could/might+do → 与现在事实相反
例句:If I had more time, I would learn to play the piano.(如果我有更多时间,我会学习弹钢琴。)
97. 虚拟语气(对过去虚拟):If+主语+had done, 主语+would/could/might+have done → 与过去事实相反
例句:If she had taken my advice, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake.(如果她听了我的建议,就不会犯这样的错误了。)
98. 虚拟语气(对将来虚拟):If+主语+should do/did/were to do, 主语+would/could/might+do → 与将来事实相反
例句:If it should rain tomorrow, we would cancel the outdoor activity.(如果明天下雨,我们就取消户外活动。)
99. 虚拟语气(含蓄虚拟):Without/But for+名词,主句虚拟结构 → 隐含条件
例句:But for your help, I couldn’t have finished the task on time.(没有你的帮助,我不可能按时完成任务。)
100. 虚拟语气(建议类从句):Suggest/advise/insist等+that从句(should+do, should可省) → 建议/要求类
例句:The teacher suggested that we (should) prepare for the exam in advance.(老师建议我们提前为考试做准备。)
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