同义替换题是近几年中考英语的常考题型，其出题形式通常是同时给出两个句子，第一句完整，第二句中设空，要求填入适当的词或短语，使第二句的意思与第一句意思相同。同义替换题综合考查学生的词汇、语法等知识，要求运用所学的词汇、语法知识完成句子，使句子结构完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误、意思与所给句子相同。

通过对近几年该题型的分析，我们发现中考英语同义替换题主要考查以下几个方面：

1

运用同义词(组)

用同义词或同义短语对原句中的某些词或短语进行替换，注意转换后的词或短语的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如：

1. That day we could see flowers here and there.

That day we could see flowers __________.

答案：everywhere

解析：everywhere与here and there都表示“到处”。

2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.

The teacher always ______ ______ the children well in the school.

答案：looks after

解析：take good care of与look after…well都表示“好好照顾”。

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2

反义词(组)的否定式

即用反义词或短语的否定式表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词(短语)的积累和换位思维的能力。如：

1. It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.

It’s clear that this visit is not the ______ ______ last time.

答案：same as

解析： be different from意为“与……不同”;the same as意为“与……相同”，其否定式与be different from同义。

2. I think wealth is less important than health.

I ______ think wealth is ______ important than health.

答案： don’t ; more

另外，有的反义词不用与否定词连用，只需改变句子结构也可构成同义句。如：

He lent some money to his friend.

His friend ______ some money ______ him.

答案：borrowed; from

解析：borrow …from …意为“向……借……”;lend…to... 意为“把……借给……”。

3

运用不同语态

即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词, 但此时要特别注意时态一致性。如：

1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.

Library books should______ ______ ______ on time.

答案：be given back

解析：被动句中含有情态动词should，因此助动词用be。

2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.

It is widely accepted that computers ______ widely ______ in the world today.

答案：are;used

解析：computers是复数名词，助动词用are。

4

非延续性动词与延续性动词

非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换，此时往往会涉及时态的变化。如：

1. The manager left two hours ago.

The manager ______ ______ ______ for two hours.

答案: has been away

解析：leave为非延续性动词，不能与for two hours连用，而be away则可连用一段时间。

2. The film began five minutes ago.

The film has been _____ _____ five minutes.

答案：on for

解析： has been提示时态是现在完成时态，“for + 时间段”表示“持续(一段时间)”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。

3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.

Mr Li _____ _____ _____ the Party for twenty years.

答案：has been in

5

直接引语与间接引语

此时要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等相应的变化。如：

1.“I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.

He ______ me that he______ ______his wallet.

答案：told;had found

2. “Did you see her last week?” he said.

He ______ ______ I had seen her the week ______.

答案：asked if / whether; before

6

简单句与复合句

即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如：

1. We didn’t go out for a walk because it was raining.

We didn’t go out for a walk ______ ______ the rain.

答案：because of

2. He was so excited that he couldn’t go to sleep.

He was ______ ______ ______ go to sleep.

答案：too excited to

解析：将so…that…换成too…to…结构，原句的that从句为结果状语从句，改写句中的不定式仍表结果。

3. Now I will show you how to do the work.

Now I will show you ______ ______ ______ do the work.

答案：how you can

解析：即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。

4. You should put them back after you use them.

You should put them back _____ _____ them.

答案：after using

解析：即将after引导的状语从句改写为after引导的介词短语。

7

并列句与复合句

即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。如：

1. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus.

______ we ______ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus.

答案：If;don’t

2. The man gave us a talk last week. He will give us another talk this week.

The man ______ gave us a talk last week ______ ______ us another talk this week.

答案：who / that;will give

解析：who/ that gave us a talk last week为定语从句，修饰先行词man。

8

运用关联词连接或合并句子

即运用关联词both…and…，neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是，both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语总是用复数，而neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如：

1. Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either.

______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.

答案：Neither;nor

解析：neither…nor…表示“……和……(两者)都不”，刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。

2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.

______ Alice ______ Peter have read the book.

答案：Both;and

解析：both…and…的意思是“……和……(两者)都”。

3. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.

This store sells ______ ______ men’s shoes ______ ______ men’s clothes.

答案：not only;but also

解析：not only…but also…表示“不仅……而且……”之意。

9

某些经典句式或结构

这类典型结构如so…that…，too…to…，enough to，not…until…，so do I 等。如：

1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.

Jim wants to go boating, and ______ ______ his parents.

答案：so do

2. John went to bed after he finished his homework.

John ______ go to bed ______ he finished his homework.

答案：didn’t; until

解析：not…until意为“直到……才”。