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高中英语语法知识点汇总(考点精讲+口诀速记+真题练习)

作者:未知 时间:2025-10-28 阅读:( )

奇速英语AI伴学高中英语语法知识点汇总(考点精讲+口诀速记+真题练习)

奇速英语高中语法|高中英语非谓语动词专项突破

 

第四章 非谓语动词:突破复杂句式变形(考点精讲+口诀速记+真题练习)

非谓语动词是高中语法“重难点天花板”,高考占比约15%,不仅考查“to do/doing/done”的基础功能,更侧重“独立主格、分词作状语逻辑主语、非谓语与谓语的时态语态呼应”等复杂考点,掌握“三形式、四维度、五陷阱”即可高效突破。

一、非谓语动词核心考点回顾(高中拓展版)

1. 动词不定式(to do / to be done)
- 核心功能:除“主宾定状补”外,新增结果状语(only to do,表意外结果,如He hurried to the station only to find the train had left)、疑问词+to do(作宾语,如I don’t know how to solve the problem)。
- 时态语态:根据与逻辑主语的关系判断——主动用“to do/to be doing/to have done”,被动用“to be done/to have been done”(如She is said to have been working here for 10 years,表“被说已经工作了10年”)。
2. 动名词(doing / being done / having done / having been done)
- 核心功能:新增复合结构(形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+doing,如His coming late made the teacher angry)、作介词宾语的复杂场景(如instead of doing,be devoted to doing,pay attention to doing)。
- 时态语态:强调“先于谓语动作”用“having done/having been done”(如Having finished his homework,he went out,表“完成作业后出去”);被动含义用“being done/having been done”(如Being criticized by the teacher,he felt sad)。
3. 分词(doing / done / having done / having been done)
- 现在分词:表“主动/进行”,新增独立主格结构(逻辑主语+doing,如Weather permitting,we will have a picnic,“天气”与“允许”是主动关系)、作伴随状语(如He walked down the street,singing happily)。
- 过去分词:表“被动/完成”,需区分“及物动词done”(表被动,如a broken cup)与“不及物动词done”(表完成,如fallen leaves);新增作独立成分(如Judging from his accent,he is from the south,“judging from”为固定独立分词短语)。

图片上传成功

二、2025各省市高考英语真题练习(30道)

1. (2025·全国甲卷)______ the instructions carefully before you use the machine, or you may meet with danger.
A. Read  B. Reading  C. To read  D. Having read
2. (2025·全国乙卷)The novel ______ by Mo Yan last year has been translated into 10 languages.
A. written  B. writing  C. to write  D. having written
3. (2025·全国新课标卷)______ for two hours, the workers stopped to have a rest.
A. Worked  B. Working  C. Having worked  D. To work
4. (2025·北京卷)The manager promised ______ the problem as soon as possible.
A. solve  B. solving  C. to solve  D. to have solved
5. (2025·上海卷)—What do you think of the book?
—It’s worth ______ a second time.
A. read  B. reading  C. to read  D. being read
6. (2025·天津卷)______ in the countryside for 10 years, he knows a lot about plants.
A. Living  B. Having lived  C. To live  D. Lived
7. (2025·浙江卷)The girl ______ in the library is my classmate. She is preparing for the exam.
A. study  B. studying  C. to study  D. studied
8. (2025·江苏卷)The meeting ______ tomorrow will be of great importance.
A. hold  B. holding  C. to be held  D. held
9. (2025·山东卷)He was found ______ in the classroom, with his eyes ______ on the book.
A. sitting; fixing  B. sitting; fixed  C. sit; fixed  D. sat; fixing
10. (2025·湖北卷)______ the project in time, we need to work an extra hour every day.
A. Complete  B. Completing  C. To complete  D. Having completed
11. (2025·湖南卷)I remember ______ the door when I left, but now it’s open.
A. lock  B. locking  C. to lock  D. locked
12. (2025·广东卷)The building ______ now will be a modern shopping mall.
A. build  B. building  C. being built  D. built
13. (2025·四川卷)______ by the heavy rain, we had to put off the sports meeting.
A. Stop  B. Stopping  C. To stop  D. Stopped
14. (2025·福建卷)She suggested ______ a meeting to discuss the problem.
A. hold  B. holding  C. to hold  D. held
15. (2025·辽宁卷)It’s no use ______ about the mistake. We should find a way to correct it.
A. worry  B. worrying  C. to worry  D. worried
16. (2025·吉林卷)The boy ______ to the teacher is my brother. He is explaining his absence.
A. talk  B. talking  C. to talk  D. talked
17. (2025·黑龙江卷)______ the first bus, he got up very early this morning.
A. Catch  B. Catching  C. To catch  D. Caught
18. (2025·云南卷)The report ______ by the expert has been accepted by the government.
A. write  B. writing  C. to write  D. written
19. (2025·贵州卷)I regret ______ you that you didn’t pass the exam.
A. tell  B. telling  C. to tell  D. told
20. (2025·河南卷)______ in the traffic jam for an hour, he was late for the interview.
A. Stuck  B. Sticking  C. To stick  D. Having stuck
21. (2025·河北卷)The question ______ at the meeting yesterday is still under discussion.
A. raise  B. raising  C. to raise  D. raised
22. (2025·山西卷)He tried ______ the door, but it was locked.
A. open  B. opening  C. to open  D. opened
23. (2025·甘肃卷)______ from the top of the mountain, the city looks more beautiful.
A. See  B. Seeing  C. Seen  D. To see
24. (2025·青海卷)The book ______ next month will be about environmental protection.
A. publish  B. publishing  C. to be published  D. published
25. (2025·宁夏卷)______ his homework, he started to watch TV.
A. Finish  B. Finishing  C. To finish  D. Having finished
26. (2025·新疆卷)The little girl was found ______ in the corner, crying.
A. sit  B. sitting  C. to sit  D. sat
27. (2025·内蒙古卷)It’s important ______ English well in senior high school.
A. learn  B. learning  C. to learn  D. learned
28. (2025·海南卷)The bridge ______ now is expected to be completed next year.
A. build  B. building  C. being built  D. built
29. (2025·西藏卷)She couldn’t help ______ when she heard the funny story.
A. laugh  B. laughing  C. to laugh  D. laughed
30. (2025·重庆卷)______ by his teacher, he made great progress in English.
A. Encourage  B. Encouraging  C. Encouraged  D. To encourage

图片上传成功三、答案及解析

1. 答案:A
解析:句中“or”连接并列句,前半句为祈使句,需用动词原形开头,故选A。考查考点:祈使句与非谓语动词的区分(避免误选非谓语形式)。
2. 答案:A
解析:“novel”与“write”是被动关系,且“last year”表动作已完成,用过去分词“written”作定语,故选A。考查考点:过去分词作定语(表被动+完成)。
3. 答案:C
解析:“work”动作先于“stopped”,且“workers”与“work”是主动关系,用“having worked”表“先完成工作后休息”,故选C。考查考点:现在分词完成式(having done)。
4. 答案:C
解析:“promise to do sth.”为固定搭配,表“承诺做某事”,此处无“先于谓语”的含义,无需用“to have solved”,故选C。考查考点:动词不定式作宾语(基础用法)。
5. 答案:B
解析:“be worth doing”为固定搭配,主动形式表被动含义(“值得被读”),无需用“being read”,故选B。考查考点:动名词的特殊用法(主动表被动)。
6. 答案:B
解析:“live”动作先于“knows”,且“he”与“live”是主动关系,用“having lived”表“在农村住了10年后”,故选B。考查考点:现在分词完成式(表先于谓语的主动动作)。
7. 答案:B
解析:“girl”与“study”是主动关系,且“正在图书馆学习”表进行,用现在分词“studying”作定语,故选B。考查考点:现在分词作定语(表主动+进行)。
8. 答案:C
解析:“meeting”与“hold”是被动关系,且“tomorrow”表动作未发生,用“to be held”作定语,故选C。考查考点:动词不定式作定语(表被动+将来)。
9. 答案:B
解析:第一空“find sb. doing sth.”表“发现某人正在做某事”,“he”与“sit”是主动关系,用“sitting”;第二空“eyes”与“fix”是被动关系(“眼睛被固定在书上”),用“fixed”,故选B。考查考点:现在分词与过去分词作宾补的区分。
10. 答案:C
解析:此处用“to complete”作目的状语,表“为了及时完成项目”,故选C。考查考点:动词不定式作目的状语。
11. 答案:B
解析:“remember doing sth.”表“记得做过某事”,“remember to do sth.”表“记得要做某事”;结合“离开时锁门但现在开着”,可知是“记得做过”,故选B。考查考点:动名词与不定式作宾语的语义区分(remember doing/to do)。
12. 答案:C
解析:“building”与“build”是被动关系,且“now”表动作正在进行,用“being built”作定语,故选C。考查考点:现在分词被动式(being done)作定语。
13. 答案:D
解析:“we”与“stop”是被动关系(“被大雨困住”),用过去分词“stopped”作状语,故选D。考查考点:过去分词作状语(表被动)。
14. 答案:B
解析:“suggest doing sth.”为固定搭配,表“建议做某事”,“suggest”后接动名词,故选B。考查考点:常接动名词的动词(suggest)。
15. 答案:B
解析:“It’s no use doing sth.”为固定句型,表“做某事没用”,用动名词“worrying”,故选B。考查考点:动名词作主语的固定句型。

16. 答案:B
解析:“boy”与“talk”是主动关系,且“正在和老师谈话”表进行,用现在分词“talking”作定语,故选B。考查考点:现在分词作定语(表主动+进行)。
17. 答案:C
解析:此处用“to catch”作目的状语,表“为了赶上第一班车”,故选C。考查考点:动词不定式作目的状语。
18. 答案:D
解析:“report”与“write”是被动关系,且动作已完成,用过去分词“written”作定语,故选D。考查考点:过去分词作定语(表被动+完成)。
19. 答案:C
解析:“regret to do sth.”表“遗憾要做某事”(后接不好的消息),“regret doing sth.”表“后悔做过某事”;结合“告诉你没通过考试”,是“遗憾要告知”,故选C。考查考点:动名词与不定式作宾语的语义区分(regret doing/to do)。
20. 答案:A
解析:“be stuck in”为固定短语,表“被困在……”,此处省略“be”,用过去分词“stuck”作状语,故选A。考查考点:过去分词作状语(固定短语省略be)。
21. 答案:D
解析:“question”与“raise”是被动关系,且“yesterday”表动作已完成,用过去分词“raised”作定语,故选D。考查考点:过去分词作定语(表被动+完成)。
22. 答案:C
解析:“try to do sth.”表“努力做某事”,“try doing sth.”表“尝试做某事”;结合“门被锁了”,可知是“努力开门”,故选C。考查考点:动名词与不定式作宾语的语义区分(try doing/to do)。
23. 答案:C
解析:“city”与“see”是被动关系(“从山顶看城市”=“城市被从山顶看”),用过去分词“seen”作状语,故选C。考查考点:过去分词作状语(表被动,逻辑主语与主句主语一致)。
24. 答案:C
解析:“book”与“publish”是被动关系,且“next month”表动作未发生,用“to be published”作定语,故选C。考查考点:动词不定式作定语(表被动+将来)。
25. 答案:D
解析:“finish”动作先于“started”,且“he”与“finish”是主动关系,用“having finished”表“完成作业后开始看电视”,故选D。考查考点:现在分词完成式(表先于谓语的主动动作)。
26. 答案:B
解析:“find sb. sitting”表“发现某人正坐着”,“girl”与“sit”是主动关系且表进行,用“sitting”,故选B。考查考点:现在分词作宾补(表主动+进行)。
27. 答案:C
解析:“It’s important to do sth.”为固定句型,表“做某事很重要”,“it”为形式主语,真正主语是“to learn”,故选C。考查考点:动词不定式作真正主语。
28. 答案:C
解析:“bridge”与“build”是被动关系,且“now”表动作正在进行,用“being built”作定语,故选C。考查考点:现在分词被动式(being done)作定语。
29. 答案:B
解析:“couldn’t help doing sth.”为固定搭配,表“忍不住做某事”,“help”后接动名词,故选B。考查考点:常接动名词的动词短语(couldn’t help doing)。
30. 答案:C
解析:“he”与“encourage”是被动关系(“被老师鼓励”),用过去分词“encouraged”作状语,故选C。考查考点:过去分词作状语(表被动)。


四、奇速英语名师大串讲:高中非谓语动词(命题视角·口诀速记版)

高中非谓语动词命题核心是“时态呼应+语态判断+逻辑主语匹配”,3类高频陷阱占错题率80%,用“三阶口诀”可精准避坑,分数直接提5-8分!

1. 命题高频点1:非谓语与时态的“先后关系”(占比35%)

- 核心陷阱:混淆“一般式(doing/to do)”与“完成式(having done/to have done)”,误将“先于谓语的动作”用一般式(如“Finish homework, he went out”)。
- 速记口诀:
“非谓动作先发生,完成形式(having done)要记清;
谓动之后或同时,一般式(doing/to do)就可行;
不定式完成(to have done)表‘本应’,如‘regret to have lied’(后悔本应撒谎)。”
- 真题对应:第3题(Having worked)、第6题(Having lived),均因“非谓动作先于谓语”用完成式,若误选“Working/Living”则忽略时态先后。

2. 命题高频点2:非谓语与语态的“主动被动”(占比30%)

- 核心陷阱:未判断“非谓动词与逻辑主语”的关系,误将被动动作用作主动(如“Being built the bridge is tall”)、主动动作用作被动(如“The girl loved by her mother is happy”表述正确,但易误改为“loving”)。
- 速记口诀:
“逻辑主语是‘主人’,主动形式(doing/to do)往前奔;
逻辑主语是‘客人’(被动),done/being done/to be done跟;
及物动词看‘承受’,不及物动词看‘完成’(如fallen leaves表完成,无被动)。”
- 真题对应:第9题(sitting表主动,fixed表被动)、第12题(being built表被动+进行),需先找逻辑主语(he/eyes/building),再判断主动被动。

3. 命题高频点3:复杂结构的“逻辑主语”(占比25%)

- 核心陷阱:独立主格结构漏看“自带逻辑主语”(如“Weather permitting”误写为“Weather permitted”)、分词作状语逻辑主语与主句主语不匹配(如“Seeing from the hill, the city is beautiful”误写为“Seeing from the hill, I like the city”)。
- 速记口诀:
“分词作状看主语,主句主语是‘依据’;
前后主语不统一,独立主格(名/代+doing/done)来救急;
固定短语不用管,‘judging from’‘generally speaking’直接选。”
- 真题对应:第20题(stuck in逻辑主语是he,“被卡住”用被动,无需独立主格)、第23题(seen逻辑主语是city,表被动,若误选seeing则逻辑主语错)。

4. 命题高频点4:易混动词的“固定搭配”(占比10%)

- 核心陷阱:混淆“接doing”与“接to do”的动词(如“suggest to do”“regret doing表遗憾”)、特殊短语的被动含义(如“be worth doing”主动表被动,误写为“be worth being done”)。
- 速记口诀:
“‘建议避免’(suggest/avoid)‘喜完成’(enjoy/finish),后接doing不含混;
‘希望决定’(hope/decide)‘愿学习’(want/learn),to do紧跟不跑偏;
‘后悔记得’(regret/remember)‘试继续’(try/go on),分情况:‘做过doing’‘要做to do’;
‘worth/busy’很特殊,主动形式表被动。”
- 真题对应:第11题(remember locking表做过)、第19题(regret to tell表要做),需按“做过/要做”区分搭配。

5. 命题老师“避坑终极提醒”

1. 遇到非谓语题,先按“找逻辑主语→判主动被动→看时态先后”三步解题,90%题目可秒杀;
2. 看到“only to do”直接选“意外结果”,看到“having done”直接对应“先于谓语的动作”;
3. 独立主格结构中,“with+宾语+doing/done”是高频考点(如with the door open),“open”为形容词,非谓语需结合语境选doing/done;
4. 高考中“to be done”(表将来被动)、“being done”(表现在被动)、“done”(表过去被动)的区分,可通过时间标志词(tomorrow/now/yesterday)快速定位。

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