奇速英语AI伴学高中英语语法知识点汇总（考点精讲+口诀速记+真题练习）

奇速英语高中语法|高中英语定语从句专项突破

第六章 定语从句：解锁复杂修饰逻辑（考点精讲+口诀速记+真题练习）

 

 

定语从句是高中英语“复合句核心难点”，高考占比约12%，不仅考查基础的“关系代词/副词选择”，更侧重“非限制性定语从句、介词+关系代词、分隔式定语从句”等复杂用法。它本质是“用句子修饰名词/代词”，需紧扣“先行词+关系词功能”两大核心，避开“关系词混用、介词错配”的高频陷阱。

一、定语从句核心考点回顾（高中拓展版）

1. 基础框架：先行词、关系词、从句结构

- 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词/代词（如The book that I bought yesterday is interesting. 中“the book”是先行词）。

- 关系词：连接主句与从句的词，分两类——

- 关系代词：在从句中作主语/宾语/定语，包括that（人/物）、which（物）、who（人，主格）、whom（人，宾格）、whose（人/物，所有格）。

- 关系副词：在从句中作状语，包括when（时间）、where（地点）、why（原因，仅修饰reason）。

2. 核心考点：关系词选择与特殊用法

（1）关系代词vs关系副词：看“从句缺什么成分”

- 缺主语/宾语/定语→用关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose）。

例1（缺主语）：The girl who is standing there is my sister.（站在那儿的女孩是我妹妹。）（who指代girl，作从句主语）

例2（缺宾语）：This is the pen that I lost yesterday.（这是我昨天丢的笔。）（that指代pen，作从句宾语，可省略）

例3（缺定语）：Do you know the boy whose father is a doctor?（你认识那个爸爸是医生的男孩吗？）（whose指代boy，作从句定语）

- 缺时间/地点/原因状语→用关系副词（when/where/why），可转化为“介词+关系代词”（when=in/on/at which；where=in/on/at which；why=for which）。

例1（时间状语）：I still remember the day when I first met you. = I still remember the day on which I first met you.（我还记得第一次见你的那天。）

例2（地点状语）：This is the school where I studied. = This is the school in which I studied.（这是我就读过的学校。）

例3（原因状语）：The reason why he was late is clear. = The reason for which he was late is clear.（他迟到的原因很清楚。）

（2）非限制性定语从句：“逗号隔开，不可省略”

- 核心特征：用逗号与主句隔开，修饰整个主句或先行词，不可用that，关系词不可省略。

- 修饰先行词：The tower, which was built in 1990, is very tall.（那座塔建于1990年，很高。）（which不可换that）

- 修饰整个主句：He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.（他通过了考试，这让他父母很高兴。）（which指代整个主句内容）

- 高频陷阱：混淆“限制性”与“非限制性”——限制性无逗号，修饰特定先行词（如The book that I bought is good. 特指“我买的那本书”）；非限制性有逗号，补充说明（如The book, which I bought yesterday, is good. 补充“书是昨天买的”）。

 

 

（3）介词+关系代词：“介词选对，结构完整”

- 核心规则：介词由从句谓语动词的固定搭配（如look for→for which）、先行词的搭配（如the day on→on which）决定，关系代词只能用which（物）/whom（人），不可用that。

例1（动词搭配）：This is the girl whom I talked to yesterday. = This is the girl to whom I talked yesterday.（这是我昨天聊天的女孩。）（talk to是固定搭配，介词to提前）

例2（先行词搭配）：I live in a room whose window faces south. = I live in a room the window of which faces south. = I live in a room of which the window faces south.（我住的房间窗户朝南。）（of which表“……的”，替代whose）

（4）分隔式定语从句：“先行词与从句被隔开，勿漏看”

- 核心特征：先行词与定语从句之间被其他成分（如谓语、状语）隔开，需先找准先行词再选关系词。

例：The days are gone when we had no food to eat.（我们没饭吃的日子一去不复返了。）（先行词“the days”与从句“when we had...”被谓语“are gone”隔开）

二、2025各省市高考英语真题练习（30道）

1. （2025·全国甲卷）The house ______ we used to live in is now a museum.

A. where B. which C. who D. whose

2. （2025·全国乙卷）I will never forget the day ______ I first met my English teacher.

A. when B. which C. that D. where

3. （2025·全国新课标卷）The scientist ______ we met yesterday will give us a lecture.

A. which B. whom C. whose D. where

4. （2025·北京卷）This is the reason ______ he was absent from class.

A. which B. when C. why D. where

5. （2025·上海卷）She has a brother ______ job is to design software.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

6. （2025·天津卷）The book ______ cover is blue is mine.

A. which B. whose C. who D. that

7. （2025·浙江卷）I visited the city ______ my parents once worked.

A. where B. which C. that D. who

8. （2025·江苏卷）He told me a story, ______ made me laugh.

A. that B. which C. who D. where

9. （2025·山东卷）The girl ______ you talked to just now is my classmate.

A. who B. which C. whose D. where

10. （2025·湖北卷）This is the factory ______ my father worked 10 years ago.

A. where B. which C. that D. who

 

 

11. （2025·湖南卷）I don’t like the way ______ he speaks to his parents.

A. which B. where C. how D. that

12. （2025·广东卷）The movie ______ we saw last night was very exciting.

A. who B. which C. where D. when

13. （2025·四川卷）He gave me a gift, ______ I really like.

A. that B. which C. who D. whose

14. （2025·福建卷）The man ______ car was stolen called the police.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

15. （2025·辽宁卷）I remember the year ______ we graduated from high school.

A. when B. which C. that D. where

16. （2025·吉林卷）This is the hotel ______ we stayed during our trip.

A. which B. where C. who D. that

17. （2025·黑龙江卷）She wrote a book ______ name I can’t remember now.

A. who B. which C. whose D. where

18. （2025·云南卷）He talked about the people and places ______ he had visited.

A. which B. who C. that D. where

19. （2025·贵州卷）The reason ______ she failed the exam is that she didn’t study hard.

A. why B. which C. that D. when

20. （2025·河南卷）We visited the village ______ many old houses are well preserved.

A. where B. which C. that D. who

21. （2025·河北卷）The pen ______ I wrote the letter is lost.

A. which B. with which C. by which D. in which

22. （2025·山西卷）He has a friend ______ father is a famous artist.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

23. （2025·甘肃卷）The meeting ______ he attended yesterday was important.

A. where B. which C. when D. why

24. （2025·青海卷）She told me a story, ______ theme is about friendship.

A. that B. which C. whose D. where

25. （2025·宁夏卷）I know the student ______ you are looking for.

A. who B. which C. where D. when

26. （2025·新疆卷）The city ______ we spent our holiday is very beautiful.

A. where B. which C. that D. who

27. （2025·内蒙古卷）The book ______ he bought last week is very useful.

A. who B. which C. where D. when

28. （2025·海南卷）The girl ______ hair is long is my best friend.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

29. （2025·西藏卷）The time ______ we spend together is precious.

A. when B. which C. where D. why

30. （2025·重庆卷）He showed me a photo, ______ was taken in his hometown.

A. that B. which C. who D. where

 

 

三、答案及解析（分类型对应考点）

（一）基础关系词选择类（1-7、9-10、12、14-17、19-20、22-23、25-29题）

1. 答案：B

解析：先行词“the house”是物，从句中“live in”缺宾语（live in the house），用关系代词which；where作状语（不接介词in）、who指人、whose表所有格，均不符合。

考查考点：关系代词which（物，作宾语）。

2. 答案：A

解析：先行词“the day”是时间，从句缺时间状语（met on the day），用关系副词when；which/that作主语/宾语、where表地点，均不符合。

考查考点：关系副词when（时间状语）。

3. 答案：B

解析：先行词“the scientist”是人，从句中“met”缺宾语（met the scientist），用关系代词whom；which指物、whose表所有格、where作状语，均不符合。

考查考点：关系代词whom（人，作宾语）。

4. 答案：C

解析：先行词“the reason”是原因，从句缺原因状语（absent for the reason），用关系副词why；which/that作主语/宾语、where表地点，均不符合。

考查考点：关系副词why（原因状语）。

5. 答案：C

解析：先行词“a brother”是人，从句中“job”缺定语（brother’s job），用关系代词whose；who作主语、whom作宾语、which指物，均不符合。

考查考点：关系代词whose（人，作定语）。

6. 答案：B

解析：先行词“the book”是物，从句中“cover”缺定语（book’s cover），用关系代词whose；which/that作主语/宾语、who指人，均不符合。

考查考点：关系代词whose（物，作定语）。

7. 答案：A

解析：先行词“the city”是地点，从句中“worked”缺地点状语（worked in the city），用关系副词where；which/that作主语/宾语、who指人，均不符合。

考查考点：关系副词where（地点状语）。

8. 答案：B

解析：逗号隔开，是非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句“he told me a story”，用关系代词which；that不可用于非限制性定语从句、who指人、where作状语，均不符合。

考查考点：非限制性定语从句（which指代主句）。

9. 答案：A

解析：先行词“the girl”是人，从句中“talked to”缺宾语（talked to the girl），用关系代词who（可替代whom）；which指物、whose表所有格、where作状语，均不符合。

考查考点：关系代词who（人，作宾语）。

10. 答案：A

解析：先行词“the factory”是地点，从句中“worked”缺地点状语（worked in the factory），用关系副词where；which/that作主语/宾语、who指人，均不符合。

考查考点：关系副词where（地点状语）。

11. 答案：D

解析：先行词“the way”表“方式”，从句缺方式状语，关系词可用that/in which或省略；which作主语/宾语、where表地点、how不可引导定语从句，均不符合。

考查考点：先行词为the way时的关系词选择。

12. 答案：B

解析：先行词“the movie”是物，从句中“saw”缺宾语（saw the movie），用关系代词which；who指人、where作状语、when表时间，均不符合。

考查考点：关系代词which（物，作宾语）。

13. 答案：B

解析：逗号隔开，是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“a gift”（物），用关系代词which；that不可用于非限制性定语从句、who指人、whose表所有格，均不符合。

考查考点：非限制性定语从句（which指代物）。

14. 答案：C

解析：先行词“the man”是人，从句中“car”缺定语（man’s car），用关系代词whose；who作主语、whom作宾语、which指物，均不符合。

考查考点：关系代词whose（人，作定语）。

15. 答案：A

解析：先行词“the year”是时间，从句缺时间状语（graduated in the year），用关系副词when；which/that作主语/宾语、where表地点，均不符合。

考查考点：关系副词when（时间状语）。

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16. 答案：B

解析：先行词“the hotel”是地点，从句中“stayed”缺地点状语（stayed in the hotel），用关系副词where；which/that作主语/宾语、who指人，均不符合。

考查考点：关系副词where（地点状语）。

17. 答案：C

解析：先行词“a book”是物，从句中“name”缺定语（book’s name），用关系代词whose；who指人、which作主语/宾语、where作状语，均不符合。

考查考点：关系代词whose（物，作定语）。

18. 答案：C

解析：先行词“the people and places”既有人又有物，关系代词只能用that；which指物、who指人、where作状语，均不符合。

考查考点：先行词既有人又有物时的关系词选择（that）。

19. 答案：A

解析：先行词“the reason”是原因，从句缺原因状语（failed for the reason），用关系副词why；which/that作主语/宾语、when表时间，均不符合。

 

 

 

 

考查考点：关系副词why（原因状语）。