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中高考英语学习高分法则丨高考语法填空备考指南

更新时间:2020-03-30浏览:评论: 条

高考语法填空备考指南

 

 

语法填空题考查考生在阅读理解基础上的语法运用能力。只要有扎实的英语基础知识并辅之以相应的解题技巧,考生就能拿到高分。

一、历年考点

高考语法填空题考查过的考点有:时态和语态、非谓语动词、助动词、形容词、副词、名词、冠词、代词、介词、连词、连接词、关系词、祈使句。

这些考点共涉及到《英语课程标准》中的19个语法项目,暂时在高考中没有考到的语法项目有:数词、省略、倒装、强调、虚拟语气。另外,动词中的情态动词以及除一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时外的时态目前均没有在高考中考查过。

二、解题技巧

1. 无提示词

这种形式考查的内容主要是冠词、介词、助动词、连词、关系词和固定结构等。因为没有提示词,所以考生需要根据一些固定结构、短文大意、上下文的逻辑关系及对一些长难句结构的分析来确定所填内容。

1)考查冠词:主要考查冠词的基本用法及短语中的冠词。如:

The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ________ other is with mum — she never suspects.

  2016全国卷I

解析:短语one ... the other ...意为“一个……另一个……”,符合题意,故填the

2)考查介词:主要考查介词的基本用法及短语中的介词。如:

Drinking my iced coffee I ran my fingers along the streets ________ the hotel to the opera hall.

 (浙江2016

解析:此处意为“从……到……”,故填from

3)考查助动词:需要找出所缺成分并考虑时态。如:

Then the driver stood up and asked, “________ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”

 2014新课标全国卷II

解析:asked和问号可知引号中内容是个疑问句,同时分析句子结构可知设空处需填助动词,再由句中的last stop可知句中的谓语应用一般过去时,故填Did

4)考查连词:包括并列连词和从属连词。如:

I made my way backstage just ________ the great magician was putting on his top hat.

(浙江2016

解析:设空处引导状语从句,且此处意为“正当……时”,故填as / when

5)考查连接词:包括连接代词和连接副词。如:

It's amazing ________ often people say “If I can help just one ...”.

解析:设空处引导主语从句,且修饰often,故填how

6)考查关系词:关键在于分析句子结构并找出先行词。如:

... the ring ... was spread over the garden, ________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.

(浙江2017

解析:设空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词garden,且在从句中作地点状语,故填where

7)考查固定结构:包括固定短语和句型。如:

Pahlsson screamed ________ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.(浙江2017

解析:分析句子结构可知,此处考查so ... that ... 句型,意为“如此……以致于……”。so修饰副词loudly

2. 有提示词

这种考查形式主要考查词性转换、名词单复数变化、形容词或副词的比较级与最高级变化、动词的时态和语态(含主谓一致)以及动词的非谓语形式。这类题同样需先判断设空处在句中的功能,其次再确定该用什么形式。

1)提示词是动词

动词的变化是语法填空题考查的重点之一。提示词为动词时可能考查谓语动词、非谓语动词或名词等。

a. 考查谓语动词时需考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等。如:

Steam engines ________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ...

2017全国卷II

解析:此处描述的是1863年伦敦地铁的情况,主语Steam engines是复数,且是谓语动词use所表示动作的承受者,故填were used

b. 考查非谓语动词时需考虑用动词-ing形式、过去分词还是不定式,同时还要考虑非谓语动词的时态和语态。如:

【例1My ambassadorial duties will include ________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre ...

  2016全国卷I

解析:设空处作宾语,且表示多次重复发生的动作,故填introducing

【例2Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________ (create) special designs.

2016全国卷III

解析:workerscreate之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,且此处表目的,故填to create

c. 考查名词时需注意名词的数。如:

Magically, that show remains the Great Jason's best ________ (perform) to this day.

(浙江2016

解析:the Great Jason's best可知设空处应填名词且意为“表演”,再根据that show remains可知应用单数形式,故填performance

2)提示词是形容词

此时可能考查提示词的反义词、副词、比较等级或名词等。

a. 考查提示词的反义词时需根据文章逻辑判断。如:

A person's weight is private, and making comments about it is definitely considered ________ (polite).

解析:private(私密的)可知,评论别人的体重被认为是不礼貌的,故填impolite

b. 考查副词时,设空处修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。如:

The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.

2016全国卷I

 

解析:设空处修饰谓语动词,故填副词officially

c. 考查比较等级时,应考虑用比较级还是最高级。如:

If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of ________ (great) and less importance.

 2016全国卷II

解析:and连接并列成分,由and后的less可知应填great的比较级greater。此处意为“识别较重要的和不太重要的”。

d. 考查名词时,需注意名词的数。如:

In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ________ (able) to air condition a house without using electric equipment.

2015全国卷II

解析:设空处意为“能力”,即不用电器就能调节室温的这一种能力,故填ability

3)提示词是副词

此时可能考查比较等级或其反义形式。如:

【例1We've been describing New Zealand as a rock star in the sense that it has been doing ________ (well) than almost all of the other developed world economies over the past couple of years.

解析:than可知此处需填比较级,且此处意为“做得更好”,故填well的比较级better

【例2He was well hidden, but at last he was ________ (luckily) found.

解析:由well hiddenbut可知,此处意为“不幸地被发现了”,故填unluckily

4)提示词是名词

此时可能考查名词的数或形容词。如:

a. 名词的数通常需要根据主语、谓语、定语等来判断。如:

【例1This trend ... has had some unintended side ________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease  the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 

2017全国卷I

解析:someoverweight and heart disease可知,“这个趋势有一些没有预料到的负作用”,故填effect的复数形式effects

【例2It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ________ (crowd) on the roads above ...

2017全国卷II

解析:由形容词terrible和括号中的crowd可知,此处应填名词,意为“人群”;作此义项讲时crowd是可数名词,再结合句意可知应填其复数形式crowds

b. 形容词通常作定语或表语。如:

As ________ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ...

 2015全国卷II

解析:设空处作定语修饰名词architects,故填natural(天生的)。

 

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