奇速英语40篇英语短文背3500单词第⑥篇《A Community Clean-up Campaign》核心词汇学习包(完整版)
一、原文短文
Last weekend, our neighborhood launched a community clean-up campaign to improve the living environment. All residents, including elderly people and teenagers, responded actively to the call. We gathered at the community square early in the morning, equipped with gloves, garbage bags and cleaning tools.
Our first task was to clear the litter in the public garden, where plastic bottles, food wrappers and fallen branches were everywhere. Some volunteers picked up trash, while others sorted recyclable materials from non-recyclable ones. An elderly grandpa taught us how to distinguish different types of waste, which was very helpful. We also cleaned the graffiti on the walls and trimmed the overgrown bushes along the path.
During the campaign, everyone worked with enthusiasm. Even little kids joined in, helping to collect small pieces of garbage. Though we were tired and sweaty, seeing the clean and tidy community made us feel proud. The campaign not only beautified the neighborhood but also strengthened the bond among residents. We learned that everyone's small effort can make a big difference to the environment, and we decided to keep the community clean in daily life.
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二、核心词汇(带音标+释义)
community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ 社区;群落
campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ 活动;运动
improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ 改善;提高
resident /ˈrezɪdənt/ 居民;住户
elderly /ˈeldəli/ 上了年纪的;年老的
teenager /ˈtiːneɪdʒə(r)/ 青少年
respond /rɪˈspɒnd/ 回应;作出反应
gather /ˈɡæðə(r)/ 聚集;集合
equip /ɪˈkwɪp/ 装备;配备
glove /ɡlʌv/ 手套
garbage /ˈɡɑːbɪdʒ/ 垃圾;废弃物
tool /tuːl/ 工具;用具
clear /klɪə(r)/ 清理;清除
litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/ 垃圾;废弃物
plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ 塑料的;塑料制品
wrapper /ˈræpə(r)/ 包装纸;包装袋
branch /brɑːntʃ/ 树枝;分支
sort /sɔːt/ 分类;整理
recyclable /ˌriːˈsaɪkləbl/ 可回收的
distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ 区分;辨别
waste /weɪst/ 废弃物;浪费
graffiti /ɡrəˈfiːti/ 涂鸦;乱涂乱画
trim /trɪm/ 修剪;修整
overgrown /ˌəʊvəˈɡrəʊn/ 长满的;过于茂盛的
bush /bʊʃ/ 灌木;灌木丛
enthusiasm /ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm/ 热情;热忱
sweaty /ˈsweti/ 出汗的;满身大汗的
tidy /ˈtaɪdi/ 整洁的;整齐的
proud /praʊd/ 自豪的;骄傲的
beautify /ˈbjuːtɪfaɪ/ 美化;使美丽
strengthen /ˈstreŋθn/ 加强;巩固
bond /bɒnd/ 联系;纽带
effort /ˈefət/ 努力;尽力
difference /ˈdɪfrəns/ 差异;影响
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三、词汇记忆方法
1. community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ 社区;群落
- 词根词缀记忆:前缀com-(共同)+词根mun(公共)+后缀-ity(表名词),共同的公共区域即“社区”
- 语境记忆:结合短文中community clean-up campaign(社区清洁活动),联想居住的社区场景
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 neighborhood / community group
2. campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ 活动;运动
- 联想记忆:发音近似“肯陪你”,肯陪你一起参与的集体行动即“活动”
- 搭配记忆:牢记固定搭配clean-up campaign(清洁活动)、public campaign(公益活动)
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 activity / movement
3. improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ 改善;提高
- 词根词缀记忆:前缀im-(使…)+词根prove(证明、变好),使事物变好即“改善”
- 语境记忆:短文里improve the living environment(改善居住环境),联想环境变好的过程
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 better / enhance
4. resident /ˈrezɪdənt/ 居民;住户
- 词根词缀记忆:词根reside(居住)+后缀-ent(表人),居住在某地的人即“居民”
- 搭配记忆:搭配community residents(社区居民),对应短文里参与活动的人群
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 inhabitant / dweller
5. elderly /ˈeldəli/ 上了年纪的;年老的
- 词根词缀记忆:来自名词elder(长辈)+后缀-ly(表形容词),引申为“年老的”
- 用法记忆:elderly是礼貌用语,比old更得体,对应短文中elderly grandpa(老爷爷)
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 aged / senior
6. teenager /ˈtiːneɪdʒə(r)/ 青少年
- 词根词缀记忆:词根teen(十几岁)+词根age(年龄)+后缀-r(表人),十几岁的人即“青少年”
- 语境记忆:短文里teenagers参与社区活动,联想13-19岁的青少年群体
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 adolescent / teen
7. respond /rɪˈspɒnd/ 回应;作出反应
- 词根词缀记忆:前缀re-(回)+词根spond(承诺),回应承诺即“回应”
- 搭配记忆:高频搭配respond to the call(响应号召),对应短文居民参与活动的行为
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 react / reply
8. gather /ˈɡæðə(r)/ 聚集;集合
- 联想记忆:发音近似“盖着”,大家盖着同一片天空聚集在一起,即“聚集”
- 语境记忆:短文里gather at the community square(在社区广场集合),联想人群聚集的画面
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 assemble / collect
9. equip /ɪˈkwɪp/ 装备;配备
- 词根词缀记忆:前缀e-(出)+词根quip(准备),准备好工具分发出去即“配备”
- 搭配记忆:固定搭配equip with(配备),对应短文中equipped with gloves(配备手套)
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 arm / furnish
10. garbage /ˈɡɑːbɪdʒ/ 垃圾;废弃物
- 联想记忆:拆分记gar(嘎)+bage(背),嘎嘎叫着背走垃圾,对应“垃圾”含义
- 语境记忆:短文里garbage bags(垃圾袋),联想日常装垃圾的袋子
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 trash / rubbish
11. clear /klɪə(r)/ 清理;清除
- 词根词缀记忆:词根clear(清晰、清除),本身可作动词和形容词,词义关联紧密
- 搭配记忆:搭配clear the litter(清理垃圾),对应短文里清理花园垃圾的场景
- 同义替换记忆:作动词时同义 remove / clean up
12. litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/ 垃圾;废弃物
- 联想记忆:发音近似“理它”,垃圾需要清理,要去“理它”
- 用法区分:litter侧重散落的垃圾,garbage侧重生活废弃物,结合短文场景区分
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 waste / debris
13. plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ 塑料的;塑料制品
- 词根词缀记忆:词根plast(塑造)+后缀-ic(表形容词/名词),可塑造的材料即“塑料”
- 搭配记忆:搭配plastic bottles(塑料瓶),对应短文里花园里的垃圾类型
- 相关词汇记忆:衍生词plasticity(可塑性),辅助加深记忆
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14. wrapper /ˈræpə(r)/ 包装纸;包装袋
- 词根词缀记忆:来自动词wrap(包裹)+后缀-er(表物品),用来包裹东西的物品即“包装纸”
- 语境记忆:短文里food wrappers(食品包装袋),联想零食、外卖的包装
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 package / wrapping paper
15. branch /brɑːntʃ/ 树枝;分支
- 联想记忆:拆分记b+ranch(农场),农场里的树长满了“树枝”
- 语境记忆:短文里fallen branches(掉落的树枝),联想花园里掉落的树枝
- 一词多义记忆:还可表“分支”,如company branch(公司分公司)
16. sort /sɔːt/ 分类;整理
- 联想记忆:发音近似“扫它”,打扫时需要把垃圾“分类”整理
- 搭配记忆:搭配sort recyclable materials(分类可回收物),对应短文里的垃圾分类场景
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 classify / categorize
17. recyclable /ˌriːˈsaɪkləbl/ 可回收的
- 词根词缀记忆:前缀re-(再)+cycle(循环)+后缀-able(可…的),可循环利用的即“可回收的”
- 语境记忆:短文里recyclable materials(可回收物),联想纸、塑料等可回收的垃圾
- 衍生词记忆:对应动词recycle(回收),名词recycling(回收利用)
18. distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ 区分;辨别
- 词根词缀记忆:前缀dis-(分开)+词根stingu(刺)+后缀-ish(表动词),用刺分开即“区分”
- 搭配记忆:固定搭配distinguish A from B(区分A和B),对应短文里区分不同垃圾
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 tell apart / differentiate
19. waste /weɪst/ 废弃物;浪费
- 词根词缀记忆:词根waste(浪费),可作名词和动词,词义互通
- 语境记忆:短文里different types of waste(不同类型的废弃物),联想各类垃圾
- 一词多义记忆:作动词表“浪费”,如waste time(浪费时间),结合语境区分
- 同义替换记忆:表废弃物时同义 garbage,表浪费时同义squander
20. graffiti /ɡrəˈfiːti/ 涂鸦;乱涂乱画
- 联想记忆:拆分记graff(刮)+iti,在墙上刮画即“涂鸦”
- 语境记忆:短文里clean the graffiti(清理涂鸦),联想墙上乱涂的图案
- 用法记忆:单复数同形,不用加s,直接用graffiti即可
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 doodle / scribble
21. trim /trɪm/ 修剪;修整
- 联想记忆:发音近似“垂木”,树枝垂下来需要“修剪”
- 搭配记忆:搭配trim the overgrown bushes(修剪长得过盛的灌木),对应短文场景
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 prune / cut
22. overgrown /ˌəʊvəˈɡrəʊn/ 长满的;过于茂盛的
- 词根词缀记忆:前缀over-(过度)+grown(生长的),生长过度的即“过于茂盛的”
- 语境记忆:短文里overgrown bushes(长得过盛的灌木),联想长得杂乱的植物
- 衍生词记忆:来自短语grow over(长满),辅助理解词义
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 overgrown / lush(茂盛的)
23. enthusiasm /ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm/ 热情;热忱
- 词根词缀记忆:词根enthusi(热心)+后缀-asm(表名词),内心的热心即“热情”
- 搭配记忆:搭配work with enthusiasm(热情地工作),对应短文里居民的状态
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 passion / zeal
24. sweaty /ˈsweti/ 出汗的;满身大汗的
- 词根词缀记忆:来自名词sweat(汗水)+后缀-y(表形容词),满是汗水的即“出汗的”
- 语境记忆:短文里tired and sweaty(又累又满身大汗),联想干活后出汗的样子
- 衍生词记忆:对应动词sweat(出汗),结合记忆更牢固
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 perspiring / sweaty
25. tidy /ˈtaɪdi/ 整洁的;整齐的
- 联想记忆:拆分记ti(提)+dy(叠),把东西提起来叠好,变“整洁的”
- 语境记忆:短文里clean and tidy community(干净整洁的社区),联想整理后的场景
- 反义词记忆:反义词是messy(杂乱的),对比加深记忆
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 neat / orderly
26. proud /praʊd/ 自豪的;骄傲的
- 联想记忆:发音近似“普绕的”,普遍受人围绕称赞,内心很“自豪”
- 搭配记忆:固定搭配feel proud(感到自豪),对应短文里居民的心情
- 衍生词记忆:对应名词pride(自豪),如take pride in(为…自豪)
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 proud / dignified
27. beautify /ˈbjuːtɪfaɪ/ 美化;使美丽
- 词根词缀记忆:词根beauty(美丽)+后缀-fy(使…),使某物变美丽即“美化”
- 语境记忆:短文里beautified the neighborhood(美化小区),联想社区变美的过程
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 prettify / adorn
28. strengthen /ˈstreŋθn/ 加强;巩固
- 词根词缀记忆:来自名词strength(力量)+后缀-en(使…),使力量增强即“加强”
- 搭配记忆:搭配strengthen the bond(加强联系),对应短文里居民间的关系
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 reinforce / enhance
29. bond /bɒnd/ 联系;纽带
- 联想记忆:发音近似“绑的”,把人绑在一起的东西即“联系、纽带”
- 语境记忆:短文里the bond among residents(居民间的联系),联想邻里间的情谊
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 connection / tie
30. effort /ˈefət/ 努力;尽力
- 词根词缀记忆:词根ef(出)+fort(力量),付出力量即“努力”
- 搭配记忆:搭配small effort(小小的努力),对应短文里每个人的付出
- 同义替换记忆:同义词汇可记 endeavor / exertion
31. difference /ˈdɪfrəns/ 差异;影响
- 词根词缀记忆:来自形容词different(不同的)+后缀-ce(表名词),引申为“差异、影响”
- 搭配记忆:固定搭配make a big difference(产生很大影响),是短文核心短语
- 同义替换记忆:表影响时同义 impact / influence,表差异时同义 distinction
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四、配套练习题
(一)同义替换选择题
从每题的四个选项中,选出与划线单词意思最相近的一项。
1. All residents in the community took part in the clean-up activity.
A. visitors B. inhabitants C. tourists D. strangers
2. We need to improve our living conditions to live more comfortably.
A. worsen B. develop C. better D. destroy
3. The students responded quickly to the teacher's question in class.
A. replied B. listened C. talked D. ignored
4. People gathered at the square to watch the wonderful performance.
A. left B. collected C. scattered D. hid
5. We should sort the waste before throwing it away.
A. mix B. classify C. throw D. keep
6. It's important to distinguish between right and wrong in daily life.
A. confuse B. tell apart C. combine D. separate
7. Everyone worked with great enthusiasm to finish the task on time.
A. laziness B. passion C. sadness D. anger
8. The campaign helped to strengthen the relationship between family members.
A. weaken B. reinforce C. break D. loosen
9. Every small effort will make a difference to the final result.
A. impact B. change C. problem D. decision
10. She felt proud of her son's great achievement in his study.
A. ashamed B. happy C. proud D. disappointed
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(二)单词填空题
根据句意和所给单词的首字母提示,写出正确的单词。
1. Our c______ organized a charity sale to help the poor families last month.
2. The school launched a reading c______ to encourage students to read more books.
3. Regular exercise can i______ your physical and mental health.
4. All the r______ in this building are required to take a fire drill every year.
5. Many t______ like to spend their weekends playing basketball with friends.
6. We need to e______ the classroom with new desks and chairs before the new term.
7. Please pick up the l______ on the ground and keep the park clean.
8. This kind of plastic bottle is r______ and can be made into new products.
9. It's not easy to d______ between the two similar plants.
10. We should clean the g______ on the wall to make our school more beautiful.
11. My father will t______ the roses in our garden this weekend.
12. The path is covered with o______ grass, so we need to cut it.
13. Though the work was hard, we finished it with great e______.
14. After running for an hour, he was tired and s______.
15. She always keeps her room clean and t______.
(三)短语搭配题
从方框中选择合适的短语,完成下列句子,注意形式变化。
备选短语:respond to, equip with, sort from, distinguish between, make a difference, feel proud of, work with enthusiasm
1. All the students ______ the teacher's call and joined in the volunteer activity.
2. The workers are ______ new tools to finish the project more efficiently.
3. It's necessary to ______ recyclable materials ______ non-recyclable ones.
4. Can you ______ these two types of flowers? They look almost the same.
5. Everyone can ______ to the environment if we pay attention to daily protection.
6. The mother ______ her daughter who won the first prize in the competition.
7. All the team members ______ and finally won the championship.
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五、参考答案及解析
(一)同义替换选择题答案+解析
1. 答案:B
解析:resident意为“居民;住户”,与inhabitants词义最接近。visitors(游客)、tourists(旅行者)、strangers(陌生人)均不符合词义。
2. 答案:C
解析:improve表示“改善;提高”,better是其同义替换词(此处为动词)。worsen(恶化)、develop(发展)、destroy(破坏)均不符合题意。
3. 答案:A
解析:respond意为“回应;作出反应”,与replied(回应)意思一致。listened(听)、talked(谈论)、ignored(忽视)均不匹配。
4. 答案:B
解析:gather意为“聚集;集合”,与collected(聚集)词义相近。left(离开)、scattered(分散)、hid(隐藏)均为反义词或无关选项。
5. 答案:B
解析:sort意为“分类;整理”,与classify(分类)词义相同。mix(混合)、throw(扔)、keep(保持)均不符合词义。
6. 答案:B
解析:distinguish意为“区分;辨别”,与tell apart(区分)意思一致。confuse(混淆)、combine(结合)、separate(分开)均不匹配。
7. 答案:B
解析:enthusiasm意为“热情;热忱”,与passion(热情)是同义替换词。laziness(懒惰)、sadness(悲伤)、anger(愤怒)均为反义词。
8. 答案:B
解析:strengthen意为“加强;巩固”,与reinforce(加强)词义相近。weaken(削弱)、break(打破)、loosen(放松)均为反义词。
9. 答案:A
解析:make a difference意为“产生影响”,difference此处表“影响”,与impact词义一致。change(变化)、problem(问题)、decision(决定)均不符合。
10. 答案:C
解析:proud意为“自豪的;骄傲的”,与选项C完全一致。ashamed(羞愧的)、happy(开心的)、disappointed(失望的)均不符合词义。
蔡章兵奇速英语创始人
(二)单词填空题答案
1. community 2. campaign 3. improve 4. residents 5. teenagers
2. equip 7. litter 8. recyclable 9. distinguish 10. graffiti
3. trim 12. overgrown 13. enthusiasm 14. sweaty 15. tidy
(三)短语搭配题答案
1. responded to 2. equipped with 3. sort; from 4. distinguish between
2. make a difference 6. felt proud of 7. worked with enthusiasm
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