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初中英语重中之重!动词不定式+dodoing用法最全汇总,吃透不丢分

更新时间:2026-06-16浏览:评论:0 条

 

 

 

 

 

 

在初中英语语法中,非谓语动词是考试必考重难点,单选、完形、书面表达高频出镜,其中动词不定式、原形do、ing形式的用法辨析,更是很多同学的易错重灾区。

很多同学刷题全靠语感,遇到混搭考点就出错,今天给大家整理一套超清晰、零基础能懂、直接套用的完整版用法汇总,建议收藏保存,考前冲刺直接背!

一、动词不定式(to do)核心用法:时态+语态完整版

动词不定式基本结构:to + 动词原形,核心作用:补充说明动作,不受主语人称、时态影响,主要区分时态(动作先后)和语态(主动/被动)。

1. 不定式三种时态(看动作和谓语动词的时间关系)

✅ 一般式 to do(最常用)

用法:动作与谓语动词同时发生发生在之后

例句:She wants to go to Paris. 她想去巴黎。(想去、后续去,动作同步/延后)

例句:He hopes to pass the exam. 他希望通过考试。(通过在希望之后)

✅ 进行式 to be doing

用法:强调谓语动词发生时,动作正在进行中

例句:She seems to be crying. 她似乎正在哭。(看似的同时,正在哭)

例句:He pretended to be sleeping. 他假装正在睡觉。(假装的同时,动作正在进行)

✅ 完成式 to have done

用法:动作在谓语动词之前已经完成

例句:I’m glad to have met you. 很高兴认识你。(认识动作先于开心)

例句:He seems to have left. 他似乎已经离开了。(离开动作先于看似)

2. 不定式两种语态(看主语和动作的关系)

✅ 主动语态 to do

用法:主语是动作的执行者

例句:He wants to write a book. 他想写一本书。(他主动写)

✅ 被动语态 to be done

用法:主语是动作的承受者

例句:The book needs to be written carefully. 这本书需要认真撰写。(书被写)

 

 

3. 时态+语态完整对照表(考试必背)

不定式时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done

例句1(一般被动):The letter is to be sent tomorrow. 这封信将于明天寄出。

例句2(完成被动):The report seems to have been finished. 这份报告似乎已经完成了。

二、必考固定搭配:三类用法精准区分

初中90%的非谓语错题,都出自这三类搭配!直接分类背诵,不用死记硬背,一眼判断答案。

1. 只接 doing(动名词)的高频短语

核心规律:介词后、固定习惯搭配,一律用ing形式

• finish doing sth. 做完某事

• be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事

• be good at / do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事

• mind doing sth. 介意做某事

• how about / what about doing sth. 做某事怎么样

• practice doing sth. 练习做某事

• find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事

• spend (time/money) (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事

• have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很开心

• be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣

• enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事

• thanks for doing sth. 感谢做某事

• (can’t) stand doing sth. (不能)忍受做某事

• have difficulty/trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难

• be against doing sth. 反对做某事

• consider doing sth. 考虑做某事

• be worth doing sth. 值得做某事

• prefer doing to doing sth. 比起做某事,更喜欢做另一件事

• keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事

• feel like doing sth. 想要做某事

• be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事

• have a hard time doing sth. 做某事很吃力

• make a living (by) doing sth. 靠做某事谋生

• look forward to doing sth. 期盼做某事

• stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

• end up doing sth. 以做某事告终

• can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事

• have experience doing sth. 做某事有经验

• appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事

• miss doing sth. 错过做某事

 

 

2. 只接 do(动词原形)的高频短语

核心规律:使役动词、情态句式、固定建议句型,后接原形

• would you please do sth. 请问你可以做某事吗

• let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

• make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

• have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

• had better do sth. 最好做某事

• had better not do sth. 最好不要做某事

• why not do sth. = why don’t you do sth. 为什么不做某事

• would rather do…than do… 宁愿做某事,也不愿做某事

3. 只接 to do(动词不定式)的高频短语

核心规律:大部分意愿、计划、命令、情感类动词,后接不定式

• want (sb.) to do sth. 想要(让某人)做某事

• would like to do sth. 想要做某事

• try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事

• expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事

• can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事

• plan to do sth. 计划做某事

• ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求/让某人(不)做某事

• tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不)做某事

• invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事

• be sure to do sth. 务必/确信做某事

• It’s time (for sb.) to do sth. 到(某人)做某事的时间了

• be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事

• encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事

• decide to do sth. = make one’s mind to do sth. 决定做某事

• fear to do sth. 害怕做某事

• be going to do sth. 打算做某事

• It’s + adj. (for/of sb.) to do sth. 做某事(对某人)是……的

• be surprised to do sth. 做某事感到惊讶

• used to do sth. 过去常常做某事

• be able to do sth. 能够做某事

• wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事

• hope to do sth. 希望做某事

• pretend to do sth. 假装做某事

• have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事

• make a decision to do sth. 做决定做某事

• in order to do sth. 为了做某事

• go out of one’s way to do sth. 特地、不辞辛苦做某事

• be willing to do sth. 乐意做某事

• It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事

• warn sb. (not) to do sth. 提醒/警告某人(不)做某事

• too…to do sth. 太……而不能……

• It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间

• learn to do sth. 学习做某事

• begin/start to do sth. 开始做某事

• allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

• …enough to do sth. 足够……可以做某事

三、重难点混搭辨析:do / doing / to do 均可(必考易错)

这部分是单选、完形高频坑点,核心不是死背,是看懂句意差异!

• help sb. do / to do sth. 帮助某人做某事(两者无明显区别,通用)

• like / love / hate to do / doing
✅ doing:长期、习惯性喜好

✅ to do:某次、具体临时的喜好

• start / begin to do / doing 通用,无严格区分,可互换

• remember to do / doing
✅ remember to do 记得要做某事(未做)
✅ remember doing 记得做过某事(已做)

• forget to do / doing
✅ forget to do 忘记要做某事(未做)

✅ forget doing 忘记做过某事(已做)

• stop to do / doing
✅ stop to do 停下来(手头的事)去做另一件事

✅ stop doing 停止正在做的这件事

• prefer to do…than do… 宁愿做某事,也不愿做某事

• need to do / doing
✅ need to do 主动:需要做某事

✅ need doing 被动:某物需要被做

• see / watch / notice / hear sb. do / doing
✅ do:看到/听到动作全过程、经常性动作

✅ doing:看到/听到动作正在进行中

四、学霸总结:3条秒杀解题口诀

1. 介词后面必ing(at/in/for/about/from/to等)

2. 使役情态不带to(let/make/have/would rather/why not后用原形)

3. 意愿计划多to do(want/plan/hope/decide等大多接不定式)

写在最后

动词非谓语是初中英语的语法基石,不仅单独出题,还直接影响作文句式的正确率。不用盲目刷题,把这份汇总吃透,分清do/doing/to do的用法差异,考试这类题型基本可以满分!

建议大家保存收藏,每天花10分钟背诵,错题对照清单复盘,轻松攻克语法难点✨

 

 

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