
在初中英语语法中,非谓语动词是考试必考重难点,单选、完形、书面表达高频出镜,其中动词不定式、原形do、ing形式的用法辨析,更是很多同学的易错重灾区。
很多同学刷题全靠语感,遇到混搭考点就出错,今天给大家整理一套超清晰、零基础能懂、直接套用的完整版用法汇总,建议收藏保存,考前冲刺直接背!
一、动词不定式(to do)核心用法:时态+语态完整版
动词不定式基本结构:to + 动词原形,核心作用:补充说明动作,不受主语人称、时态影响,主要区分时态(动作先后)和语态(主动/被动)。
1. 不定式三种时态(看动作和谓语动词的时间关系)
✅ 一般式 to do(最常用)
用法:动作与谓语动词同时发生或发生在之后
例句:She wants to go to Paris. 她想去巴黎。(想去、后续去,动作同步/延后)
例句:He hopes to pass the exam. 他希望通过考试。(通过在希望之后)
✅ 进行式 to be doing
用法:强调谓语动词发生时,动作正在进行中
例句:She seems to be crying. 她似乎正在哭。(看似的同时,正在哭)
例句:He pretended to be sleeping. 他假装正在睡觉。(假装的同时,动作正在进行)
✅ 完成式 to have done
用法:动作在谓语动词之前已经完成
例句:I’m glad to have met you. 很高兴认识你。(认识动作先于开心)
例句:He seems to have left. 他似乎已经离开了。(离开动作先于看似)
2. 不定式两种语态(看主语和动作的关系)
✅ 主动语态 to do
用法:主语是动作的执行者
例句:He wants to write a book. 他想写一本书。(他主动写)
✅ 被动语态 to be done
用法:主语是动作的承受者
例句:The book needs to be written carefully. 这本书需要认真撰写。(书被写)

3. 时态+语态完整对照表(考试必背)
|
不定式时态 |
主动语态 |
被动语态 |
|
一般式 |
to do |
to be done |
|
进行式 |
to be doing |
无 |
|
完成式 |
to have done |
to have been done |
例句1(一般被动):The letter is to be sent tomorrow. 这封信将于明天寄出。
例句2(完成被动):The report seems to have been finished. 这份报告似乎已经完成了。
二、必考固定搭配:三类用法精准区分
初中90%的非谓语错题,都出自这三类搭配!直接分类背诵,不用死记硬背,一眼判断答案。
1. 只接 doing(动名词)的高频短语
核心规律:介词后、固定习惯搭配,一律用ing形式
• finish doing sth. 做完某事
• be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
• be good at / do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事
• mind doing sth. 介意做某事
• how about / what about doing sth. 做某事怎么样
• practice doing sth. 练习做某事
• find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
• spend (time/money) (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事
• have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很开心
• be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣
• enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
• thanks for doing sth. 感谢做某事
• (can’t) stand doing sth. (不能)忍受做某事
• have difficulty/trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难
• be against doing sth. 反对做某事
• consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
• be worth doing sth. 值得做某事
• prefer doing to doing sth. 比起做某事,更喜欢做另一件事
• keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
• feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
• be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
• have a hard time doing sth. 做某事很吃力
• make a living (by) doing sth. 靠做某事谋生
• look forward to doing sth. 期盼做某事
• stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
• end up doing sth. 以做某事告终
• can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
• have experience doing sth. 做某事有经验
• appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事
• miss doing sth. 错过做某事

2. 只接 do(动词原形)的高频短语
核心规律:使役动词、情态句式、固定建议句型,后接原形
• would you please do sth. 请问你可以做某事吗
• let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
• make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
• have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
• had better do sth. 最好做某事
• had better not do sth. 最好不要做某事
• why not do sth. = why don’t you do sth. 为什么不做某事
• would rather do…than do… 宁愿做某事,也不愿做某事
3. 只接 to do(动词不定式)的高频短语
核心规律:大部分意愿、计划、命令、情感类动词,后接不定式
• want (sb.) to do sth. 想要(让某人)做某事
• would like to do sth. 想要做某事
• try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事
• expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事
• can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事
• plan to do sth. 计划做某事
• ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求/让某人(不)做某事
• tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不)做某事
• invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
• be sure to do sth. 务必/确信做某事
• It’s time (for sb.) to do sth. 到(某人)做某事的时间了
• be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事
• encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
• decide to do sth. = make one’s mind to do sth. 决定做某事
• fear to do sth. 害怕做某事
• be going to do sth. 打算做某事
• It’s + adj. (for/of sb.) to do sth. 做某事(对某人)是……的
• be surprised to do sth. 做某事感到惊讶
• used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
• be able to do sth. 能够做某事
• wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
• hope to do sth. 希望做某事
• pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
• have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事
• make a decision to do sth. 做决定做某事
• in order to do sth. 为了做某事
• go out of one’s way to do sth. 特地、不辞辛苦做某事
• be willing to do sth. 乐意做某事
• It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
• warn sb. (not) to do sth. 提醒/警告某人(不)做某事
• too…to do sth. 太……而不能……
• It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
• learn to do sth. 学习做某事
• begin/start to do sth. 开始做某事
• allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
• …enough to do sth. 足够……可以做某事
三、重难点混搭辨析:do / doing / to do 均可(必考易错)
这部分是单选、完形高频坑点,核心不是死背,是看懂句意差异!
• help sb. do / to do sth. 帮助某人做某事(两者无明显区别,通用)
• like / love / hate to do / doing
✅ doing:长期、习惯性喜好
✅ to do:某次、具体临时的喜好
• start / begin to do / doing 通用,无严格区分,可互换
• remember to do / doing
✅ remember to do 记得要做某事(未做)
✅ remember doing 记得做过某事(已做)
• forget to do / doing
✅ forget to do 忘记要做某事(未做)
✅ forget doing 忘记做过某事(已做)
• stop to do / doing
✅ stop to do 停下来(手头的事)去做另一件事
✅ stop doing 停止正在做的这件事
• prefer to do…than do… 宁愿做某事,也不愿做某事
• need to do / doing
✅ need to do 主动:需要做某事
✅ need doing 被动:某物需要被做
• see / watch / notice / hear sb. do / doing
✅ do:看到/听到动作全过程、经常性动作
✅ doing:看到/听到动作正在进行中
四、学霸总结:3条秒杀解题口诀
1. 介词后面必ing(at/in/for/about/from/to等)
2. 使役情态不带to(let/make/have/would rather/why not后用原形)
3. 意愿计划多to do(want/plan/hope/decide等大多接不定式)
写在最后
动词非谓语是初中英语的语法基石,不仅单独出题,还直接影响作文句式的正确率。不用盲目刷题,把这份汇总吃透,分清do/doing/to do的用法差异,考试这类题型基本可以满分!
建议大家保存收藏,每天花10分钟背诵,错题对照清单复盘,轻松攻克语法难点✨

奇速故事记单词+时文阅读+答题技巧(真人1v1陪练)
