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高中英语:形容词和副词知识汇总

更新时间:2021-02-05浏览:评论: 条

一、形容词副词的比较级和最高级

 

1.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级,在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;

如:

 

big→bigger→biggest   

 

hot→hotter→hottest        

 

fat→fatter→fattest
 

sad→sadder→saddest

 

mad→madder →maddest    

 

wet→wetter→wettest

2. 以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,加er,如:

easy-easier

 

happy-happier

 

funny-funnier

 

early-earlier

 

busy-busier
 

dirty-dirtier(更脏)

 

heavy-heavier(更重)

 

healthy-healthier

 

friendly-friendlier
 

angry  ugly,

但是:shy-shyer.

以元音字母+y结尾时,y不变,直接加er或est。如grey----greyer

3.、不规则变化

good/well— better—best

bad/badly/ill—worse—worst

many/much— more—most

old—older/elder—oldest/eldest

little— less —least

far—farther/further—farthest/furthest

2、单音节不规则变化

tired—more tired—most tired

fond —more fond—most fond

glad—more glad—most glad


bored— more bored—most bored

pleased —more pleased—most pleased

3、两种变化(少数几个双音节词以及以er或le结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最高级)

cruel -crueler-cruelest/more cruel-most cruel

strict-stricter-strictest/more strict-most strict

often-oftener-oftenest/more often-most often

friendly-friendlier-friendliest/more friendly-most friendly

clever-cleverer-cleverest/more clever-most clever

4、没有比较级

empty   wrong  perfect   unique   extreme   excellent   favourite   favorite   true   right   correct   extremely  possible   first  final   last   empty   wooden

5、在原级形容词之前加less, least构成的比较级与最高级成为“较低级”与“最低级”形式。

如:kind---less kind---least kind     

useful---less useful----least useful

二、形容词+ly购成副词的规则

1. 辅音字母+y easy  happy,   heavy,  busy   但是shyly, dryly

2. le结尾去e加y。simple,  gentle,但是whole  wholly

3. 元音字母+e结尾,true-truly,但duely

4. i,c结尾的加ally, 如basic  scientific  automatic   energetic

5. 以le结尾的形容词

大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。

改错:

  (错) She sang lovely.

(错) He spoke to me very friendly.

(对) Her singing was lovely.

(对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.

friendly友好的---a friendly smile友好的微笑

fatherly像父亲的---a fatherly teacher一位父亲式的教师

lovely可爱的---a lovely girl一位可爱的姑娘

lively活泼的---a lively child一位活泼的小孩

lonely孤独的---a lonely traveller一位孤独的旅客

deadly致命的---a deadly blow致命的一击

silly傻的,无聊的---a silly question愚蠢的问题

orderly秩序的---an orderly mind有条不紊的头脑

manly男子气概的---a manly person具有男子气概的人

daily每日的---daily work日常工作

weekly每星期的---a weekly magazine周刊

yearly每年的---a yearly income年收入daily, monthly, early

smell-smelly  adj.发臭的, 有臭味的

sound-soundly 完好地; 健全地; 稳健地; 坚固地; 彻底地; 正确地; 确实地,厉害地,酣畅地berate sb. soundly痛骂某人一顿

 

英语中部分特殊形式的比较意义和最高级的表达

 

1.A is senior/junior to B; 

 

A比B年龄或级别大(高)/A比B年龄或级别小(低)

如:He is 3 years senior to me. 他比我大三岁。

A is superior / inferior to B  A优于/劣于B


如:Beijing is superior to any other city in hosting the Olympic Games.在举办奥运会上,北京比其他任何城市都做得好。

2.A is to B what C is to D. 

 

意为“A对于B就如C对于D。”

如:Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.

发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。


3.can't be too+adj. = can't be+adj.+enough

无论……都不为过,越……越……。如:

You can never be careful enough.= You can never be too careful.你无论怎么小心都不为过。


4. too…to句型的两个意义

(1)表示否定意义,意为“太……而不能”。

如:This question is too hard for me to understand.

这个问题太难,我理解不了。

(2)表示肯定意义,意为“非常,很,极”。

 

当too后面接easy,ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容词时,too表示“很,非常”之意,与very表达“很”的意思相同。当too前有all, but, only等词时,形成only/but/all too…to do结构,仍旧表达“非常,很,极”之意。

如:I'm too glad to hear the news.听到这条消息我非常高兴。


5.与than有关的短语

(1)more…than…是……而不是……;与其说……不如说……。

no more…than…不是……也不是……/与……同样不

not more...than  不如……

如:That little girl is more tired than hungry.

那个小女孩是累了而不是饿了。(与其说那个小女孩饿了,还不如说她累了。)

He is no more deligent than Tom.他和Tom都不勤奋。

He is no more a teacher than a worker.他既不是老师也不是工人。

He is not more deligent than Tom.他不如Tom勤奋。

He is not more a teacher teacher than a worker.与其说他是教师,不如说是工人。

图片

(2)more than 超过,不仅仅是

no more than=only 只不过(言其少)

not more than=at most 不多于,至多(指事实)

She is more than a friend to me, she is my family.

The room is no more than a barn.

(3) less than (数量)不到……,不足……;一点也不

no less than  (数量)不少于……,至少

=not less than=at least

(4)less ……than 不如……;比……少;不是……而是……

No less...than=not less than (至少)不比……差,和……一样

He is less a teacher than an expert.

He is more an expert than a teacher.与其说他确实老师,不如说是专家。

He is no less active than he used to be.

他和以前一样积极。

例1.I'm afraid you've got the wrong person. I am no more a scientist than a mathematician.

[解析] 此处是no more…than…结构,表示“不是……也不是……”或“与……同样不”之意,故or改为than。句意:恐怕你们搞错了,我既不是什么科学家,也不是什么数学家。


6.The weather is turning ever colder and colder, and people have to make a fire in their homes in advance.

[解析] 此处是 “(ever)+比较级+and+比较级”结构,表示“日益”之意,故cold and cold改为colder and colder。句意:天气变得越来越冷,人们纷纷提前在家里生起了火。


7.比较级和否定词连用表示最高级意义

【误】 Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a good boss.

【正】 Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a better boss.

[解析] 此处是用比较级的形式表达最高级的含义,所以把good改为better。句意:为斯蒂文森先生工作太棒了,我真的找不到比他更好的老板了

 

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