Unit4 Earthquakes知识点详解

 

Ⅰ. 常考单词必背

 

1. burst  vi. (burst，burst) 爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发

 

She burst into tears on hearing the sad news.

一听到这一不幸消息，她突然哭了起来。

Upon his appearance，there was a burst of applause.

他一出现就爆发了一阵掌声。

 

[快速闪记]

(1)burst in打断；闯入；突然出现

burst into...突然开始；闯入……

burst into laughter/tears ＝ burst out  laughing/crying突然大笑/哭起来

(2)a burst of一阵……

 

2. injure vt. 损害；伤害

 

Most of the injured were women and children.

大多数伤员都是妇女和儿童。

 

[快速闪记]

(1)injured  adj.受伤的

the injured伤员

(2)injury n．伤；伤口；伤害

 

3. shock vt.&  vi.(使)震惊；震动  n. 休克；打击；震惊

 

I was shocked to hear that he had resigned.

听到他辞职的消息我感到很震惊。

The news of my promotion came as a shock.

我获晋升的消息着实让我一惊。

 

[快速闪记]

(1)be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊

be shocked to do...因做……而震惊

(2)a shock一件令人震惊的事 (抽象名词具体化用法)

(3)shocked adj.感到震惊的

shocking adj.令人震惊的

 

4. rescue  n．& vt.援救；营救

 

All the people nearby came to her rescue when hearing her cry for help.

周围的人们听到她的呼救声都来营救她。

I rescued my belongings from the flood.

我把财物抢救出来，免遭洪水淹没。

 

[快速闪记]

(1)rescue sb/sth from...把……从……营救出来

(2)come/go to one's rescue来/去营救某人

come/go to the rescue来/去援救

 

5. trap vt. 使陷入困境  n. 陷阱；困境

 

He was trapped in a burning house.

他被困在正在燃烧的房屋里。

It is full of traps on the Internet.

网络上充满了陷阱。

 

[快速闪记]

be trapped in困在……中，陷在……中

trap sb into (doing) sth 诱骗某人(做)某事

walk/fall into a trap落入陷阱或圈套

 

6. bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏

 

Since his wife left，he has buried himself in his work.

自从妻子离开以来，他一直都埋头于工作。

 

[快速闪记]

bury one's face/head in one's hands用手捂住脸/头

bury oneself in/be buried in...埋头于/专心于……

 

7. shelter  n．掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处　v．保护；掩蔽；躲避；遮避(常与介词from搭配)

 

These plants must be sheltered from direct sunlight.

这些植物必须被遮起来，使其免受阳光直射。

 

[快速闪记]

(1)give sb shelter庇护某人

take shelter from...躲避……

under the shelter of...在……的庇护下

(2)shelter...from...保护……免受……

 

8. damage  n．& vt.损失；损害

 

Eating too much meat one time will cause damage to your stomach.

一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。

 

[快速闪记]

do/cause damage to对……造成损害

be badly damaged遭受严重损害

 

9. frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬

frightened  adj.受惊的；受恐吓的

frightening  adj.令人恐惧的

 

The mother was so frightened when she found her daughter lost.当母亲发现女儿不见了，吓坏了。

 

[快速闪记]

(1)frighten sb into/out of (doing) sth 吓得某人做某事/吓得某人不敢做某事

frighten sb/sth away/off把……吓走(吓跑)

(2)be frightened of (doing) sth 害怕(做)某事

be frightened to do sth 害怕/不敢做某事

 

10. congratulation  n．祝贺；(复数)贺词

 

We sent our congratulations to her when she passed the exam.当她通过考试时，我们向她表示祝贺。

 

[快速闪记]

offer/send one's congratulations to sb 向某人致以祝贺

congratulate v. 祝贺

 

11. judge  n．裁判员；法官　vt.断定；判断；判决

 

Judging from what he said，he was very disappointed.

从他的话来判断，他非常失望。

 

[快速闪记]

judge...by/from...根据……判断……

judging by/from...从……来判断

 

12. express vt. 表示；表达　 n．快车；速递

 

Perhaps I have not expressed myself very well.

或许我未把自己的意思表达清楚。

 

[快速闪记]

(1)express...to...向……表达……

express one's satisfaction with...某人对……表示满意

express oneself表达思想

(2)expression  n．表达，表情

 

Ⅱ. 高频短语必会

 

1．at an end 结束；终结

 

He went on spending lavishly until his money was at an end.他继续挥霍无度，直到把钱用光为止。

 

[快速闪记]

come to an end结束

put an end to使……结束；使……终止

at the end of在……尽头

by the end of到……末为止

in the end最后；终于　on end连续地；不断地

 

2．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪

 

What left the town in ruins?

是什么让这个小镇化为废墟的？

 

[快速闪记]

fall into ruin毁灭；毁坏

ruin one's health损害某人的健康

ruin oneself毁掉自己，自取灭亡

 

3．a (great) number of 许多；大量的

 

[快速闪记]

a (great) number of/a good many许多；大量(后跟可数名词复数)

a great deal/amount of大量(后跟不可数名词)

a lot of/plenty of/a quantity of 许多；大量(后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词)

 

4．think little of 不在意/看轻……

 

Mr.Yuan thinks little/poorly of his money，but research.袁先生重视研究，轻视金钱。

 

 

[快速闪记]

think highly/well/much of...对……高度评价/重视

think poorly/little/nothing of...轻视/认为……无所谓

think ill/badly of...认为……不好

 

5．be proud of为……而自豪 (后接名词、代词或动名词)

 

[快速闪记]

take pride in为……而自豪

 

6．be known as＝be famous as作为……而出名

 

Paris is known as the fashion centre.

巴黎以时装中心闻名。

 

[快速闪记]

be known for因……而出名

be known to为……所熟悉/了解

 

Ⅲ. 写作句式必学

 

1．In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.

在农家小院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西。

 

2．It seemed as if the world was at an end!

仿佛到了世界末日！

 

3．All hope was not lost.

并不是所有的希望都破灭了。

 

4．The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.

解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。

 

5．Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.

评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们一致认为这是今年最好的。

 

6．I would like to express my thanks to...

我想向……表达我的感谢。

 

Ⅳ. 短文语法填空，然后背诵短文，熟记本单元的重点词汇

 

A Terrible Earthquake

Dirty water rose in wells and canals before the earthquake.But no one judged that an earthquake __1__(come)．Suddenly，everything shook.It seemed as __2__ the world was at an end.Millions of brick houses and a number of dams __3__(destroy)．Railway tracks became useless bars.Pipes in mines burst and let out __4__(smell) steam.Huge crackstrapped cyclists everywhere.

The next day，this event was the headline or main title of all newspapers.With thereporters giving an outline of the disaster，__5__ whole nation was shocked by thedamage and the victim's extreme __6__(suffer)．People were moved when they read that thesurvivors comforted each other by saying “__7__(congratulation)! You survived！” So they not only expressed their sympathy sincerely，__8__ also organized together to help the victims right away.The __9__(injure) were rescued and the dead were buried.The frightened survivors were dug __10__ from under the ruins and were offered shelter，fresh water andelectricity.Thanks to people's help，the loss was minimized.

 

【参考答案】

1. was coming  2. if  3. were destroyed  4. smelly  5. the  6. suffering 7. Congratulations  8. but  9. injured  10. out

 

Unit4 Earthquakes单元练习

 

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

 

1．__Buried__(bury) in a classic detective novel, the landlord didn't notice a thief was creeping up to his bedroom.

 

解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：因为全神贯注于一部经典侦探小说，房东没有注意到一个贼正在蹑手蹑脚地向他的卧室走去。句子主语the landlord与bury构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。

 

2．__Judging__(judge) from __the__ number of cars, he thought there were many people at the shop.

 

解析：句意：根据车的数量看，他认为商店里有很多人。judging from“从……来看；根据……来判断”；the number of＋可数名词复数表示“……的数目”。

 

3．I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with __everything__.

 

解析：考查部分否定。句意：我同意你所说的大部分内容，但是我并不是同意全部内容。not...everything表示部分否定。

 

4．The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers __are期repairing__ (repair) one of the main pipes.

 

解析：本题考查时态。句意：水供应被临时切断，因为工人们正在维修一条主要管道。由has been cut off可以看出是发生在现在的事情，并且“临时切断水供应”是因为“正在维修”，所以要用现在进行时。

 

5．It was a really __frightening__(frighten) experience.Afterwards everybody was very __shocked__(shock)．

 

解析：考查形容词。句意：这的确是一次令人恐惧的经历。过后每个人都感到非常震惊。frightening常用来描述事物，意为“令人恐惧的”；shocked常用来描述人的感受，意为“(对……感到)震惊的”。

 

6．Some parents are just too protective.They want to shelter their kids __from__ every kind of danger, real or imagined.

 

解析：根据前一句中的内容可知父母想给孩子提供“庇护”，让他们避免各种危险，无论是真实的，还是想像的。

 

 

7．It came as __a__ shock that __a__ fire broke out in Shanghai yesterday, killing at least 5 people.

 

解析：考查冠词。句意：昨天上海发生了一起火灾，造成至少5人死亡，这个消息真是令人震惊的消息。第一空shock在此被具体化，表示一件具体的事情；第二空表示泛指。

 

8．Though __injured__(injure) in the accident, the bus driver did all he could to help the passengers to safety.

 

解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管在事故中受了伤，但是那位公交车司机还是尽自己所能把乘客送到了安全的地方。though后省略了句子的主语和动词be的形式was，所以填injured。

 

9．(2016·北京卷，22改编)I live next door to a couple__whose__children often make a lot of noise.

 

解析：考查定语从句。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，相当于the children of whom，故填whose。

 

10．We haven't enough books for __everyone/everybody__ so some of you will have to share.

 

解析：考查部分否定。句意：我们的书不足以让所有人使用，所以你们有些人必须共用。由句意可知，此处是表示部分否定，所以填everyone/everybody。

 

11．—I got that job I wanted at the public library.

—__Congratulations__(congratulate)! That's good news.

 

解析：句意：——我得到了那份我想要的在公共图书馆的工作。——________！那是个好消息。Congratulations意为“祝贺”。

 

12．It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I __had_done__(do) it?

 

解析：本题考查虚拟语气。句意：打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？根据第一句话可知，打破窗户的人并非“我”，故此处应该用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。根据broke可知这件事情发生在过去，故用过去完成时态，表示与过去事实相反。

 

13．The accident caused some damage __to__ my car, but it's nothing serious.

 

解析：cause/do damage to...伤害……。

 

14．Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him __as__ if he had done something very clever.

 

解析：本题考查状语从句的引导词。句意：杰克什么也没说，但是老师朝他笑着，就好像他做了非常聪明的事情。as if“好像”。

 

15．I must warn you that my patience is __at__ an end.

 

解析：at an end结束。

 

Ⅱ. 完成句子

 

1．Please send my __congratulations_on_his_success__(对他成功的祝贺) when you see him.

 

2．As a father, he __is_proud_of__(为……而自豪) his son's ability to speak English fluently.

 

3．__It_is_reported_that__(据报道) this disaster has been the worst in the past decades.

 

4．It seems __as_if/though__(好像) the world was __at_an_end__(到了尽头)．

 

5．As is estimated, __tens_of_thousands_of_people__(成千上万的人) lost their lives and homes owing to the strong earthquake.

 

6．是我的姐姐最后作出决定步行整个中国。(强调句型)

__It_was__ my sister __who/that_made_up_her_mind_finally__ to walk across the whole China.

 

7．__A_large_number_of_farmers__ (大量的农民) flow into the big cities, leaving the farmland deserted in the countryside.

 

8．只有你现在好好利用时间来学习，将来才能成功。

__Only_by_making_good_use_of_your_time__ to study at present will you be successful in the future.

 

9．无论习主席走到哪里，他都受到热烈地欢迎。

__No_matter_where(＝Wherever)_Chairman_Xi_goes__， he will receive warm welcome.

 

10．在我看来，不管我提出什么建议，他都不重视。

From my point of __view__， whatever suggestions I __put_forward__， he __thought_little_of_them__.

 

Ⅲ. 单句改错

 

1．After the earthquake, the whole city was in ruin.

__ruin→ruins__

 

2．An accident happened.Luckily, nobody badly injured.

__nobody后加上was__

 

3．Many firefighters lost their lives to save the people trapping in the warehouse explosion in Tianjin.

__trapping→trapped__

 

4．I haven't read all of his books before，but judged from the one I have read，I think he's a very promising writer.

__judged→judging__

 

5．Everywhere that they appeared, they met with strong protests.

__去掉that__

 

6．Two-thirds of the people died or was injured during the Wenchuan earthquake.

__was→were__

 

7．But the one million people of the city, they thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that night.

__they→who__

 

8．Believe it or not, Lily's sister burst into crying when we were eating.

__into→out或crying→tears__

 

9．The two ladies are of the same age, but it looks as if one were ten years older than other.

__than后加上the__

 

10．After visiting China, most of the foreign friends said they would never forget the time when they had spent in China.

__when→that/which或去掉when__

 

Ⅳ. 语篇填空

 

But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly everything ①__was_destroyed__ (destroy)．All of the city's hospitals, 75% of ②__its__ factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.No wind, however, could blow ③__them__ away.Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling.The railway tracks were now ④__useless__(use) pieces of steel.Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again.Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled ⑤__the__ wells instead of water.People were shocked.Then, ⑥__later__(late) that afternoon, ⑦__another__ big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped ⑧__under__ the ruins.More buildings fell down.Water, food, and electricity were hard ⑨__to_get__(get)．People began to wonder how long the disaster ⑩__would_last__(last)．

 

Ⅴ. 教材原句

 

1．The army organized teams to dig out those who __were_treated__ (trap) and to bury the dead.

 

解析：考查时态与语态，以及主谓一致。

 

2．__Slowly__ (slow), the city began to breathe again.

 

解析：考查词形转换，修饰整个句子应用副词。

 

3．It was felt in Beijing, __which__ is more than two hundred kilometers away.

 

解析：考查非限制性定语从句，从句中无主语。

 

4．Fresh water __was_taken__ (take) to the city by train, truck and plane.

 

解析：考查被动语态。

 

5．__The__number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.

 

解析：考查the number of，意为“……的数量”。

 

6．Workers built shelters for survivors __whose__ homes had been destroyed.

 

解析：考查定语从句，从句的先行词与空后的名词为所属关系。

 

7．Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of __whom__ agreed that it was the best one this year.

 

解析：考查定语从句中的关系代词，两个句子中间必须由连词连接，故不可用them。

 

8．__As__you know, this is the day the quake happened thirty-five years ago.

 

解析：考查as引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中无宾语，且从句位于主句之前。

 

9．__Congratulations__(congratulate)! We are pleased __to_tell__ (tell) you that you have won the high school speaking competition.

 

解析：第一空考查词形转换，且祝贺通常用复数；第二空考查不定式作原因状语，通常位于有某种情绪的形容词后。

 

10．This __frightened__ (frighten) boy whose mother __was_lost__ (lose) in the disaster is looking for her now.

 

解析：第一空考查词形转换，修饰名词应用形容词；第二空中be lost“迷路；丢失；失踪”，且发生在过去，故用一般过去时。

 

Ⅵ. 话题写作

 

用本单元所学知识完成下列句子，并按照逻辑连成短文。

 

1．一天夜里，一切都开始摇晃起来。水管爆裂，电力中断。

One night，everything__began to shake__，the pipes bursting and__the electricity cut off__.

 

2．世界似乎到了末日。

__It_seemed_as_if__the world__was_at_an_end__.

 

3．有些人受伤，有些人被埋在废墟下。

Some people__were_injured__；some were__buried_in_the_ruins__.

 

4．大量的被困群众等待着救援。

__A_number_of_trapped_people__waited for the rescue.

 

5．不是所有的希望都破灭了。

All hope was__not_lost__.

 

6．很快士兵们就被派遣到那里。

The soldiers were soon__sent_there__.

 

7．成千上万的人被救了出来。

Hundreds of thousands of people__were_helped_out__.

 

8．飞机、火车、卡车运来了食品和饮用水，慢慢地，全城又恢复了生机。

Food and fresh water__were_taken_to_the_city__by plane，train and truck.Slowly，the city began to breathe again.

 

组篇公式：句1改为with复合结构

 

答案：

One night，everything began to shake, with the pipes bursting and the electricity cut off. It seemed as if the world was at an end.Some people were injured；some were buried in the ruins.A number of trapped people waited for the rescue.All hope was not lost.The soldiers were soon sent there.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped out.Food and fresh water were taken to the city by plane, train and truck.Slowly，the city began to breathe again.

 

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