(1)人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格。

(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其顺序排列原则：

在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二三一人称)。宾格me也一样。

(3)物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。名词性物主代词可作主语或宾语。

(2021·浙江卷She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order

(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves(they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest

(2019·北京卷Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to myself (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”

it, that, one

它，替代上文提到的同一事物，不能带任何修饰语

那个，指代那类人或事物，既可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词，也可以指代单数可数名词。指代单数可数名词时相当于the one，其复数是those，相当于the ones

，指代前面出现过的那类事物中的ones

—There is still a copy of the book in the library．Will you go and borrow it?

—No, I'd rather buy onein the bookstore．

——图书馆还有一本这样的书。你去把它借来好吗？

——不，我宁愿到书店里买一本。

The climate ofGuangzhouis much better than that of Xi'an

广州的气候比西安的好多了。

Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap itcan be to eat out

However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25000 people were using every day

In many ways, the education system in theUSis not very different from in the UK

no one, nobody, none, nothing的区别

no one, nobody表示没有人，谁也不，只指人，作主语时，后跟动词单数形式，常可用来回答who引起的问句。

—Who can answer the question?

—No one/Nobody

谁能回答这个问题？

没人。

Charles was alone at home, with no one looking after him

查尔斯独自一人在家，没有人照顾他。

none没人，没有任何东西，既可指人，也可指物。后可接短语，常用来回答how many/much

—How many of you have seen the film?

None(of us)

你们中有多少人看过这部电影？

一个也没有。

nothing意为没有东西，一般回答what

—Whats in the cave?

Nothing

洞里有什么？

没什么。

 

 

both, all, neither, none, either, any

both(两者者

all(三者或三者以上都

either(两者中任何一者

any(

neither(都不

none(

There are shops on eitherside of the street

街道的每一边都有一些商店。

Because Henry and Mark had to work, neither of them came yesterday

因为HenryMark要工作，所以昨天两人都没来。

one, another, the other, some, others, the others

单数

one

一个

another

另外一个

the other

两者中的另一个

复数

some

一些

others

另一些

the others

剩余的一些

Please give me ten minutes

请再给我十分钟。

One was happy but the other was disappointed

一个感到开心，另一个却感到失望。

He wants me to lend him some money, but I have none at hand

他想要我借些钱给他，但我现在手头上一点也没有。

There are two apples on the plate, but neither of them is fresh

盘子里有两个苹果，但没有一个是新鲜的。

介词(短语

表示时间和方位的介词

类别

用法

表示时间

at, in

on

①at表示时间点；②in表示时间段，与表示较长一段时间的词搭配；③on 表示在特定的日子、具体的日期、星期几、具体的某一天或某些节日；也可表示在具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上

in, after

两者后均可接时间段，表示在之后，但“in＋时间段常与将来时连用，“after常与过去时连用

for,

since

from

①“for表示某种行为或状态持续了一段时间；“since＋时间点强调自过去某时延续至今的一段时间；③“from表示行为或状态的起始点

before,

by

before与都可表示之前 by 不迟于某时，包括某时在内

表示方位

on,

above

over

①on指在某物的表面上，其反义词是beneath；②above指离开物体表面而在其上方，不一定是垂直向上，其反义词是below③over指离开物体表面而在其正上方，其反义词是under, over 还可以表示越过

across,

through,

past,

along

beside

①across指从一平面上横穿或对面②through指从人群或物体内部穿过，贯穿③past 表示动态的动作发生在某人/某物的旁边；④over表示从上方越过；⑤along沿着⑥bybeside 均表示旁边含有倚，凭靠的意思，指两者位置关系

①at后接较小的地方或门牌号码；②in后接较大的地方；③on一般指与面或线接触

in, on,

to, off

①in 表示在某一范围之内；②on 表示与某一地区毗邻，接壤③to表示在某范围之外；④off “(时空上离，距

其他介词

against

反对，违背，与相反；触；碰撞；紧靠，倚靠；与竞争，对阵；以为背景

用在表示某地点、场合、方位等的名词前；

用在表示时刻、钟点、期间、岁、时节等的名词前；

以，按价格、速度、数量等

④朝、向、对着某人某物的方向

beyond

指程度深于；指范围超出；指可能性、理解力、能力等非可及；时间晚于

不迟于，在之前；常用于结构“by＋＋单数名词，表示按计算表示程度、数量相差；经过，经由；通过某种方法、手段

for

表示目的或功能为了；表示对象或用途给，对；表示原因因为，由于；表示时间、距离、数量达，计；支持，赞成；至于，关于，就而言；表示去向往，向；表示陈述或问题的对象对于

表示地点、场所、位置等里面；在内；期间；在一段时间以内；表示某人或某物的状态、情况处于中；关于；在方面

表示接触或由某一表面支撑着上；时候；关于，有关；借助于，通过，以方式

一起，和，同，跟；伴随着；具有，带有；由于，因为；表示方式用

全国甲卷It was built originally to protect the city the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复

全国ⅢThe artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist earth, Mother Nature

When I studied chemistry in/at high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor

介词短语

＋名词

at a loss不知所措

at dinner 在吃晚餐

at peace 处于和平状态

at dawn 在黎明

at war 在战争中

at work 在工作

名词

by accident偶然地

by chance 偶然地

by force 用暴力

by hand 手工地

by mistake 错误地

by the month 按月算

beyond comparison无与伦比

beyond control 失控

beyond description 难以描述

beyond doubt 毋庸置疑

beyond expression 难以表达

beyond (ones) reach 够不到

in bed在床上

in danger 处于危险中

in debt 负债

in difficulty 处境困难

in high spirits 情绪高昂

in need在危难中；在穷困中的

in order 整齐；井然有序

in surprise 吃惊地

in trouble 在困难中

in use 使用中

on a trip在旅行

on business 在出差

on display/show 在展出

on duty 在值班

on holiday/vacation 在度假

on sale 在出售

on strike 在罢工

on the way 在途中

6．其他高频介词短语

against time争分夺秒

at the sight of 一看到……

at the age of 在……岁时

in (the) face of 面对；面临

in addition (to) 另外；除了

in case of 万一

in charge of 负责；主管

in favour of 赞成；支持

in need of 需要

in no time 立刻

in a hurry 匆忙

in preparation for 为……做准备

in return for 作为回报

of help/use 有帮助的/有用的

of importance 重要的

on behalf of 代表

1．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home．

2．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on stove．I waited patiently until the oil was hot．

3．It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle the road．

Ⅰ．单句语法填空

1．(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourism has its (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s．

2．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Museums must compete for people's spare time and money with other amusements．

3．(2020·浙江卷)Some time after 10000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived in, through agriculture．

4．(2020·浙江卷)This aging of the population is driven by two factors．

5．(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Modern methods of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s ．．．

6．(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact．

Ⅱ．语法填空

On February 1, 2022, over a billion people in China and millions around the world will celebrate the Chinese New Year, or the Spring FestivalThe ancient tradition, 1 date is determined by the lunar calendar and falls somewhere between January 21 and February 20 each year, is the 2 (long) and most important of all Chinese festivals

The preparations will 3 (official) begin with Little New Year on January 25, 2022It is observed with a day of memorial ceremoniesOther Little New Year activities include cleaning the house 4 (sweep) away bad luck and hanging spring couplets — red decorations hung in pairs — for wealthSince red 5 (believe) to keep misfortune and evil spirits away, it can be noticed in everything from clothing to 6 (lantern) used to decorate houses

Often 7 (consider) the most important meal of the year, the reunion dinner is both delicious and rooted in Chinese tradition 8 whole chicken symbolizes family togetherness, while long uncut noodles show longevity (长寿)Wealth is represented by dumplings and spring rollsChildren receive red envelopes filled 9 money and

inspiring messages from elders and are often allowed to stay up late to watch the 10 (amaze) fireworks shows

The two­week long celebrations will end on February 15 — the day of the full moon—with the Lantern Festival

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统节日——春节的相关内容。

whose考查定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句，后作定语，应用引导。

longest考查形容词的最高级。空前的the和空后的most important都暗示了应用形容词的最高级。

officially考查副词。修饰动词用副词officially (正式地。

to sweep考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。

is believed考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上下文时态应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数，故填

lanterns考查名词的单复数。lantern (灯笼为可数名词，其前无限定词，应使用复数形式。

considered考查非谓语动词。the reunion dinner和consider之间是被动关系，故填

A考查冠词。chicken是可数名词，泛指“一只整鸡”，whole以辅音音素开头，位于句首，首字母需大写，故填

with考查介词。装满钱的信封，应用be filled with (充满……

amazing考查词形转换。令人惊叹的烟花展示应用形容词