一、专题精讲

【用法讲解】

概念解释：

复合句与简单句相对，初中阶段的复合句包括宾语从句，定语从句和状语从句。

用法：

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。常用的连接词有：that, if, whether, what, which, who, whom, when, where, how, why等。

 

（一）宾语从句的种类

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

 

1. 由that引导的宾语从句。

that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。

 

【举例】He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.

I am sure (that) he will succeed.

 

2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how

引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。

【举例】Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?

He asked whose handwriting was the best.

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?

I don’t know why the train is late.

 

3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。

if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。

【举例】I want to know if (whether) he lives there.

He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

 

但在下列情况下只能用whether：

　①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。如：

Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．

（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。

I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．

（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。

　　I wonder whether we stay or whether wego．我不知道我们是去还是留。

　　②在介词之后用whether。如：

　　I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。

We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．

我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。

　　I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情。

　　③在不定式前用whether。如：

　　He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。

　　I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。

He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．

他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。

　　④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：

　　Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。

　　⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：

　　Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。

　　The question is whether we can catch the bus．问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。

　　⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：

　　Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：

　　a．Please let me know whether you like the book．请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。

　　b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。

 

（二）宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。

【举例】I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.

I think (that) you will like this school soon.

Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?

Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.

 

（三）宾语从句的时态

1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。

【举例】I don’t think (that) you are right.

Please tell us where he is.

Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?

 

2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。

【举例】He asked what time it was.

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.

He asked if you had written to Peter.

He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

 

3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。

【举例】Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.

 

特别提醒　宾语从句的人称要遵循“一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新”的原则。如下表：

直接引语的主语

变为间接引语后

第一人称

与主句的主语一致

第二人称

与主句的宾语一致

第三人称

不变

 

感叹句

考点一 ：由What引导的感叹句

 

其结构为:What+a(an)+形容词+名词+(主语+谓语)

【举例】

What an interesting story it is !多有趣的故事啊!
　　What a lovely day it is!多好的天气啊!
　　What interesting books they are!多有趣的书啊!
　　What bad weather it is!多坏的天气啊!

What a beautiful girl!多漂亮的女孩啊!

在口语中,这类感叹句有时常省略主语和谓语,如：
　 What a big fish!多大的一条语啊

What a pretty girl!多秀丽的女孩啊!
　 What a beautiful bird!多么漂亮的一只鸟啊!

考点二：由how引导的感叹句。

其结构为:How+形容词/(副词)+主语+谓语!

 

【举例】

How big the dining room is!餐厅真大啊!
　　How lovely the girls are!这些女孩真可爱!
　　How beautiful those flowers are!这些花真美啊!
　　How well she dances!她跳得真好呀!

How hard he studies!他学习多么努力啊!
　　How carefully Li Yan listens!李艳听得多么认真啊!
　　在口语中,这类感叹句有时常省略主语和谓语,只保留感叹部分。如:
　　How clean! 真干净! How fast!多么快啊

考点三

感叹句句型

1． What + a / an +adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其他成分！

2． What +adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他成分！

3． How + adj.+ a / an +名词+主语+谓语+其他成分！

4． How + adj./adv.+ 主语+谓语+其他成分！

针对性练习

 

一、请完成下面的感叹句。

1. ______ a pretty girl she is!

2. ________ quickly the boy is running!

3. ______ kind teachers they are!

4. ________ clever the baby is!

5. ______ I miss my hometown (家乡)!

6. ______ happy I am!

7. ________ sad child he is!

8. ______ hot water it is!

9. ________ hard they study!

10. ______ able (能干的) young man he is!

11. Look! _______fast the boy is running!

12. _______cold day it was yesterday!

13. _______heavy the box is! I can’t carry it.

14. _______interesting story he told us!

15. _______nice the moon cakes are!

16. _______bad weather!

17. _______clever children all of you are!

18. _______important news that is!

19. _______time flies!

20. _______beautiful flowers you bought me!

二、按要求对下列句子进行句型转换。

1. He listened to his teacher carefully. (该为感叹句) 　　

_______ ________ he listened to his teacher!

2. What a clever monkey it is! (该为同义句)

_______ ________ a monkey it is!

3. The food is very nice. (该为感叹句)

_______ ________ food it is!

4. How sadly they are crying! (该为陈述句)

They ________ ________ ________.

5. The Christmas tree is beautiful. (该为感叹句)

_______ _______ the Christmas tree is!

三、选择题。

1._______a clever boy he is !

A. What B. How C. What’s

2._______she dances!

A How good B. How well C. What well

3._______quiet the park is!

A What a B. How C. How a

4._____his father works!

A. How careful B. How carefully C. What careful

5._____noisy they are making!

A. What B. How C. How a

6.______delicious soup!

A. How B. What C. What a

7.______heavy snow!

A. What a B. What C. How

8.____old bike Li Lei is riding!

A. What a B. What an C. How

9.______exciting moment it is!

A. How B. How an C. What an

10.______supper we’re having today!

A. What a delicious B. How delicious C. What delicious

11.________fine weather it is today!

A. How B. What a C. What

12._____fast the boys are running!

A. What B. What a C. How

13._______the moon cakes are!

A. How delicious B. What delicious C. What a delicious

14.____surprising news it is!

A. How B. What C. What a

15.____time we’re having today!

A. What a good B. How good C. What good

16._______I miss you!

A. What B. How C. How do

17.Look! ______beautiful that lake is!

A. How B. What C. What a

18. ________ slowly Tom runs!

A. How B. What C. What a

19._____lovely the snow looks!

A. What B. How C. What a

20.________useful information it is!

A. What an B. How C. What D What a

21._______beautiful flowers they are!

A. How B. What C. What a

22._______lovely a girl she is!

A. What B. How C. What a

23._______they love their country!

A. What B. How C. What a

24._______long hair she has!

A. What a B. What C. How

25._______beautiful music we are listening to!

A. How B. What a C. What

 

四、根据汉语意思完成英语句子。

1、多么新的一间教室啊！

it is!

2、这本书真有趣！

the book is!

3、多么美妙的音乐啊！

music it is!

4、他写得太认真了！

he is writing!

5、这些树真绿！

they are!

 

二、专题过关

1. — Jack, could you tell me ___________ for traveling this summer?(2014 连云港)

— We plan to go and see the beautiful sea in Hainan.

A. where your family will go B. how will your family go

C. how your family will go D. where will your family go

2. — Could you tell me ________?(2014 扬州)

— In August, 2014.

A. where will the Youth Olympic Games take place

B. when will the Youth Olympic Games take place

C. where the Youth Olympic Games will take place

D. when the Youth Olympic Games will take place

3. — Could you please tell me ________?(2014 十堰)

— Of course. Many people in Shiyan know it.

A. where is Mount Wudang

B. how can I get to Wulong River

C. what is Shenlongjia famous for

D. if there will be a new airport in Shiyan

4. — Do you know _________?(2014 重庆)

— This afternoon.

A. when will the policeman give us a talk B. where will the policeman give us a talk

C. when the policeman will give us a talk D. where the policeman will give us a talk

5. I have some tickets for the basketball match. I wonder ______.(2014 河北)

A. where you buy the tickets B. why you like to go there

C. if you'd like to come along D. when you watch the match

6．She got a nice skirt as a present on her birthday．Do you know _______?(2014 呼和浩特)

A．what was it made of B．how much did it cost

C．who buys it for her D．where she bought it

7. — Do you know _________ the meeting?(2014 北京)

— Tomorrow morning.
A. when they had
B. when they are going to have
C. when did they have
D. when are they going to have

8. I didn't know ______.(2014 武汉)

A. when would the train arrive B. where could I get the book

C. what has been done D. who left the message

9. — Could you tell me_______ yuanxiao in China?(2014 天津)

— Usually at Lantern Festival.

A. when do people eat B. how do people eat

C. when people eat D. how people eat

10. I don't understand ______ such a silly question in class yesterday.(2014 广州)

A. why did John ask B. why John asked

C. why is John asking D. why John asks

11. — Mum, can you tell me ? I dreamed of him last night.(2015 陕西)

—Next week.

A. when my dad comes back B. where my dad goes

C. when my dad will come back D. where my dad will go

12．— Could you please tell me________？(2015 南通)

— By taking an online tour．

A．in which way can I improve my writing skills

B．how I can travel around the world in eight hours

C．what places of interest we can visit at a time

D．how should I get some more useful information

13．— Could you please tell me _____?(2015 呼和浩特)

— About twenty minutes ago.

A．when did you see this kid B．where did you see this kid

C．when you saw this kid D．where you saw this kid

14. — Li Ming, do you know _______ this year?(2015 兰州)

— It’s on June 20th.

A. when is the Dragon Boat Festival B. when is the Mid-autumn Festival

C. when the Mid-autumn Festival is D. when the Dragon Boat Festival is

15．I wonder . (2015 青岛)

A. how will you celebrate Thanksgiving

B. that the Water Festival is really fun.

C. what do people eat on the Mid-Autumn Festival

D. whether you will make resolution on New Year’s Day

16. — Ms. Petty, can you tell me _______?(2015 温州)

—Africa.

A. what the baby giraffe likes eating

B. why the baby giraffe looks unhappy

C. when the baby giraffe was born

D. where the baby giraffe came from

17. — Do you know ______?(2015 天津)

— For a month.

A. how long will she be away B. how long she will be away

C. how often will she go there D. how often she will go there

18．— Could you tell me _________?(2015 河北)

— Talking about festivals.

A．how they are playing B．what they are doing

C．where they are going D．why they are practicing

19. Franklin told them all to be in Britain again.(2015 杭州)

A. how happy was he B. how happy he was

C. how was he happy D. how he happy was

20. — Excuse me, Miss Chen, could you tell me ________?(2015 福州)

— It is short for the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.

A. what the Belt and Road meant

B. what does the Belt and Road mean

C. what the Belt and Road means

 

课后作业单项选择。

 

1. Did you hear ______?

A. what did I say B. what I said C. I said what D. what I say

2. Can you tell me ________?

A. which class you are in B. which class are you in

C. you are in which class D. are you in which class

3. ---Excuse me. Could you tell me _______? --- Certainly.

A. when can I get to the station B. I can get to which station

C. which station can I get to D. how I can get to the station

4. Could you tell me where _______ yesterday?

A. did you go B. you go C. you have gone D. you went

5. Tom asked me ________.

A. whose shirt was this B. whose shirt this was

C. who shirt was this D. who shirt this was

6. Excuse me, could you tell me _______?

A. where’s the teachers’ office B. where’s the bus station

C. what’s she doing D. where the post office is

7. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I don’t know _______.

A. she lives where B. she where lives C. where she lives D. where does she live

8. --- Go and ask Mr. White for help. --- But I don’t know _______.

A. where does he live B. where he lives

C. where is he living D. he lives there

9. --- Can you tell me ______? --- Yes, he lives in a small town.

A. where he lives B. who is singing C. when he will leave D. what he said

10. Have you decided ______ for London?

A. when will you leave B. when you will leave

C. when are you going D. when you are going

11. Excuse me. Could you tell me ______our tickets?

A. where do we show B. where shall we show

C. where did we show D. where we shall show

12. --- What are you interested in about cooking food? --- We are all interested in ______.

A. how egg is fried B. how is egg fried C. how egg fries D. how does egg fry

13. Do you know _______?

A. what it is B. what is it C. who is he D. whose name is it

14. Do you know _______?

A. whose book is this B. whose book this is C. this book is whose D. who’s book this is

15. I don’t know ______ now.

A. where is my cat B. my cat is where C. where my cat is D. where my cat

16. Does he know ______?

A. what’s your name B. what name is your C. what your is name D. what your name is

17. Do you know ______?

A. which floor he lives B. which floor he lives on

C. he lives on which floor D. which floor does he lives on

18. Can you tell me where _______?

A. is the hospital B. the hospital is C. is hospital D. hospital is

19. He hasn’t decided _______.

A. if he’ll go on a trip to Wuxi B. when will he go on a trip to Wuxi

C. if he goes on a trip to Wuxi D. when does he go on a trip to Wuxi

20. Can you see ________?

A. what he’s reading B. what is he reading

C. what does he read D. he reads what