Unit2 Working the land
常考单词、高频短语和写作句式
Ⅰ. 常考单词必背
1．struggle vt.&vi. 斗争；拼搏；努力
The old man has been struggling with/against illness.
这位老人一直在与病魔作斗争。
[快速闪记]
struggle with sb 与某人搏斗；斗争
struggle against 为抵抗……而斗争(搏斗，抗争)
struggle for 为……努力(斗争)
struggle to one's feet 挣扎(努力)站起来
struggle to do sth 努力做某事
2．disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的
It is very disturbing that we haven't seen him for a long time.
好长时间没见到他，这令我们深感不安。
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disturb vt. 打扰；弄乱；使不安
disturbed adj. 心神不宁的；担心的
3. expand vt.&vi. 使变大；伸展
They tried their best to expand the little firm into a big company；that is，the little firm expanded into a big company.
他们尽力把这家小公司发展成了一家大公司；也就是说，这家小公司发展成了一家大公司。
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(1)expand...into... 把……扩展/发展成……
expand into... 发展成/扩大成……
(2)expansion n. 扩大，膨胀
4．rid vt. 摆脱；除去
It's not easy to rid oneself of a habit.
要改掉一个习惯是不容易的。
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rid...of... 摆脱；除去
get/be rid of 摆脱；除去；处理掉
5．equip vt.&vi.配备；装备
A good education should equip you for life.
良好的教育能使你受用终生。
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(1)equip sb/sth with 用……武装某人；用……装备某物
equip sb/sth for 为……而武装某人；为……而装备某物
be equipped with 配备有……
(2)equipment n. 装备；设备
6．confuse vt. 使迷惑；使为难
He was really confused about the confusing result of the election.
这个令人困惑的选举结果让他非常困惑。
[快速闪记]
(1)confuse A with B把A和B混淆
be confused about sth 对……感到困惑
(2) confused adj. 糊涂的；困惑的；混乱的
confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难以理解的
confusion n. 混淆；困惑
7. regret vt. 遗憾；惋惜 n. 遗憾；懊悔
Tom regretted telling his parents the thing.
汤姆后悔告诉了父母那件事。
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(1)regret doing...＝regret having done... 后悔做了某事
regret to say/tell/inform... 遗憾地说/告诉/通知……
(2)to one's regret 令某人感到遗憾的是
with regret遗憾地
8. focus n. 焦点；中心点 vt. 集中；聚集
She was the focus of everyone's attention.
她是大家注意的焦点。
We need to focus upon the main issues.
我们需要把注意力集中在那些主要问题上。
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focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于
9. reduce vt. 减少；减缩
Giving up smoking can reduce the risk of heart disease.
戒烟会减少患心脏病的风险。
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reduce to... 减少到……(increase to...增加到……)
reduce by... 减少了……(increase by...增加了……)
be reduced to... 沦落为……(to为介词)
10．comment n. 评论；议论 vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论
People were commenting on her gifts and abilities.
人们在评论她的天资和能力。
[快速闪记]
comment on＝make comments on＝make a comment on 就……发表看法/评论
Ⅱ. 高频短语必会
1．thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为
Thanks to your timely help，I got rid of him smoothly.
多亏你及时的帮助，我顺利地摆脱了他。
[快速闪记]
thanks to，because of，owing to和due to 都是短语介词，都有“由于，因为”的意思，后面都接名词词组构成介词短语。
2．be satisfied with 对……感到满意
I am quite satisfied with the present situation.
我对现状很满意。
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be satisfied to do... 对做……感到满意
satisfy/meet one's demand 满足某人的要求
3．would rather 宁愿；宁可
I would rather have gone to Brazil，but I was busy then.
我本来可以去巴西，但是当时我忙着。
To my anger，he would rather stay at home than go out for a walk.
让我感到生气的是，他宁愿待在家也不愿出去散步。
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would rather do sth 宁愿做……
would rather not do sth 宁愿不做……
would rather have done sth 本来想做……
would rather do sth than do sth/would do sth rather than do sth 宁愿……也不……
would rather＋从句 (使用过去式或过去完成式)
4．lead to 导致；造成(后果)
All roads lead to Rome.
条条道路通罗马。
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result in 导致；致使
contribute to 导致；促使
5．keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响；伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
We should keep our city free from/of noise.
我们应该使我们的城市免受噪音的影响。
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(be) free from/of 没有；不受……损害
free...from 把……从……释放出来；使摆脱
Ⅲ. 写作句式必学
1．Have you ever grown any plants？If so，what did you do to grow them? If not，what kind of plant would you like to try growing?
你种过植物吗？如果种过的话，你是怎样种植的？如果没有种过的话，你想要尝试种什么植物？
2．More than 800 million people go to bed hungry every day.每天，有超过8亿人饿着肚子睡觉。
3．Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.
袁隆平种植的是被称之为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。
4．This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.
这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获五分之一的粮食。
5．Using his hybrid rice，farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.
用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。
Ⅳ. 短文语法填空，然后背诵短文，熟记本单元的重点词汇。
A New Farming Way
Tuan was a farmer in Vietnam. For decades，he had been struggling to rid his family of __1__(hungry)．However，it always confused him how to expand theoutput of his crops. This __2__(disturb) problem led to his regretting being a farmer. He would rather __3__(choose) another job.
One day，when skimming through a newspaper，Tuan read a comment on Yuan Longping.He underlined Yuan's nationality and occupation，and then __4__(focus) on his discovery and the statistics of his research. He found the knowledge Yuan circulated very practical. Therefore，he made a summary and began to build up__5__ new farming method. He planted super grain of richnutrition and equipped __6__(he) to keep his crops' roots free from bacteria andpests. He also enriched __7__(mineral) in the soil while reducing chemical fertilizers. Though it cost him __8__(much) time and freedom，he was full of hope.
The next year，Tuan was sunburnt but satisfied with his production very much. Thanks __9__ Yuan Longping，he not only won the battle against hunger，__10__ he could also export his crops abroad.
答案： 1.hunger 2.disturbing 3.have chosen 4.focused
5.a 6.himself 7.minerals 8.more 9.to 10. but
必修四Unit2同步常考知识点练习
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and__therefore__， supply more jobs.
解析：考查副词。句意：我们希望我们会在工作市场上起更大的作用，因此提供更多的工作。
2．The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if __ever__， reaching 30℃ in summer.
解析：本题考查省略句。句意：这里的气候宜人，________，在夏季气温极少达到30摄氏度。if ever如果曾经有；如果曾经发生。根据句中的关键词quite pleasant(宜人)，rarely(极少)可知，空格处表达的意思是“如果曾经有(if ever)”。if ever相当于if it(the temperature) ever reached 30℃ in summer。
3．We would rather our daughter __stayed__(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
解析：本题考查虚拟语气。句意：我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们一起待在家里，但是那是她的选择，她已经不再是一个小孩子了。would rather后接that从句时，要用虚拟语气，如果与现在或将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时态；如果与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。根据后面的it is her choice可以判断这件事情还没发生，因而从句用一般过去时。
4．Bears build__up__ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
解析：句意：狗熊在夏天和秋天开始脂肪的储存以使他们有足够的能量来度过冬眠。
5．It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.If __so__， we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
解析：本题考查省略。句意：听起来好像是车的发动机出毛病了。如果这样的话，我们最好立刻把它带到修车厂去。if so“如果这样的话”。
6. The news shocked the public，__leading__(lead) to great concern about students' safety at school.
解析：本题考查非谓语动词。根据本句的结构来看，引起的关注正是这条消息令公众震惊的同时所引起的结果，即结果状语，而作结果状语，且表达主动意义。句意：这条消息令社会震惊，引起了人们对在校学生安全的极大关注。
7．—Cathy, what are you going to do this weekend?
—__If__possible, I'm going to see my parents in the countryside.
解析：答语句意：如果可能的话，我要去看望乡下的父母。if possible如果可能的话。
8．At first I regretted __inviting__(invite) them to stay, but we soon became great friends.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：起初，我后悔邀请他们留下来，但是我们很快成为了朋友。regret doing后悔做了某事。
9．I had a busy and tiring weekend because __decorating__(decorate) the house for the Christmas cost me a whole day.
解析：考查动名词作主语。句意：我这个周末过的很忙很累，因为装饰圣诞房子花了我一整天。because引导原因状语从句，从句中的cost是谓语，前面是主语，用动名词作主语。
10．Wouldn't you rather your child__became__(become) successful with his study and on the scholarship?
解析：考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：难道你不想让你的孩子在学业上成功，获得奖学金吗？would rather后面的从句用虚拟语气，即用动词的过去式形式。
11．New technologies have made __it__ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
解析：考查代词。句意：新的技术已经让以更低的成本更快地生产出新的产品成为可能。根据句意可知，it在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。
12．—To get a slim figure, Fanny has tried many ways, but in vain.
—So now she is reduced to not __eating__(eat) anything for supper.
解析：句意：——为了有一个苗条的体形，范妮尝试了许多方法，但都徒劳。——因此现在她被迫晚饭什么都不吃。be reduced to doing sth.沦落到做某事，陷入……的境地。
13．The United Nations is trying to free the world __from/of__ the threat of war.
解析：free...from/of... 使……免于……。
14．His contribution to the boy's welfare was to equip him __for__ the world in which he would live.
解析：句意：他对孩子福利事业的贡献是为了让自己有能力适应他将生活的这个世界。equip...for...为……装备。
15．An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making __it__ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
解析：本题考查代词。句意：去年平均降了18.75厘米的雨，使其成为自1850年加利福尼亚成为州以来最干旱的一年。由语境可知，此处考查的是代词的替代，替代前面提到的last year，为同名同物，同一者，用it。
Ⅱ. 单句改错
1．He found it very difficult to focus his attention in his text book.
__in→on__
2．The highway led to Shanghai was built five years ago.
__led→leading__
3．Now the young man regrets waste so much time when he was at school.
__waste→wasting__
4．That is called atomic energy is actually nuclear energy.
__That→What__
5．Equipping with new scientific farming methods，they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.
__Equipping→Equipped__
6．With all his attention focus on his experiment，he has no time to spend with his family.
__focus→focused__
7．I would rather sleep all day than to play computer games for a long time.
__去掉to__
8．Though the price of the house has been reduced 10%，we can't afford it either.
__reduced后加by__
Ⅲ. 教材原句
1．Thanks__to__his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world__of__hunger.
解析：第一空考查“thanks to”意为“因为，幸亏”；第二空考查“rid...of...”意为“除掉……问题”。
2．Since then, finding ways to grow more rice__has_been__ (be) his life goal.
解析：考查时态以及主谓一致。since引导时间状语时，主句谓语用现在完成时态，且动名词作主语，谓语用单数。
3．__Although__he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer.
解析：考查两个句子之间的关系。结合语意可知答案，两句之间表示转折关系。
4．__Born__(bear) in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.
解析：考查分词作状语。bear与逻辑主语之间为被动关系，故用Born。
5．Spending money on himself or__leading__(lead) a comfortable life also__means__(mean) very little to him.
解析：第一空考查“spend money (in) doing sth.”；第二空考查主谓一致，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
6．Now more than 60% of the rice__produced__(produce) in China each year is from this hybrid strain.
解析：考查分词作定语。produce与rice之间为动宾关系，故填produced。
7．These__increased__(increase) harvests mean that 22% of the world's people __are_fed__(feed) from just 7% of the farmland in the world.
解析：第一空考查分词作定语，increase与所修饰词之间为动宾关系，故填过去分词；第二空考查被动语态。
8．Over the past half century，__using__(use) chemical fertilizers__has_become__(become) very common in farming.
解析：第一空考查动名词作主语；第二空考查主谓一致和时态，动名词作主语时谓语用单数，根据“over the past half century”可知用现在完成时态。
9．They feel that this makes the soil in their fields__richer__(rich) in minerals and so more fertile.
解析：考查形容词比较级。根据and后so more fertile可知，此处应填richer。
10．Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil，__making__(make) it ready for crops such as wheat or corn.
解析：考查分词作状语。make与前面的句子之间是顺承主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语，故填making。
Ⅳ. 语篇填空
①__Although__ he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers ②__himself__ a farmer, for he works the land to do his research.Indeed, his ③__sunburnt__(sunburn) face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for ④__whom__ he has struggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he ⑤__became__(become) the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has ⑥__a__ high output. This special strain of rice makes ⑦__it__ possible to produce onethird more of the crop in the same fields. Now more than 60% of the rice ⑧__produced__(produce) in China each year is from this hybrid strain.
Born into a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated ⑨__from__ Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways ⑩__to_grow__(grow) more rice has been his life goal.
Ⅴ. 话题写作
用本单元所学知识完成下列句子，并按照逻辑连成短文。
1．中国的农民曾经过着很艰苦的生活，并一直受着饥饿的困扰。
Farmers in China used to__lead_a_hard_life__and__were_always_disturbed__by hunger.
2．几十年来，他们努力寻找能够提高粮食产量的方法，但收效甚微。
For decades，they__struggled_to_search_for_ways__to increase the grain output，but without success.
3．多亏了袁隆平的杂交水稻研究，农民们的收成比以前多了一倍。
__Thanks_to_Yuan_Longping's_research__on the hybrid rice，farmers are producing harvests__twice_as_large_as_before__.
4．这意味着世界22%的人口摆脱了饥饿。
It means 22% of the world's population__have_got_rid_of_hunger__.
5．大多数农民说他们很满意他们现在的生活，宁愿待在农村当农民。
Most of the farmers say they__are now quite satisfied with their lives and would rather be farmers in the countryside.
组篇公式：将句3、4改为定语从句。
答案：
Farmers in China used to lead a hard life and were always disturbed by hunger.
For decades, they struggled to search for ways to increase the grain output, but without success.
Thanks to Yuan Longping's research on the hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before, which means 22% of the world's population have got rid of hunger.Most of the farmers say they are now quite satisfied with their lives and would rather be farmers in the countryside.
