Unit1 Women of achievement

 

常考单词、高频短语和写作句式

 

Ⅰ. 常考单词必背

 

1．behave vt.&vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现

 

Children should be taught to behave well in front of the guests.应教育孩子在客人面前举止得体。

 

[快速闪记]

(1)behave well/badly 表现好/表现不好

behave oneself 守规矩，举止端正

behave as if/like... 表现得好像……

(2)well/badly-behaved adj. 表现好的/差的

behaviour (＝behavior) n. 行为；举止；习性

 

2．worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的

 

It is worthwhile spending/to spend a lot of time speaking English.

花大量的时间说英语是值得的。

 

[快速闪记]

(1)it's worthwhile doing sth/to do sth 值得做某事

be worth doing 值得去做(动名词的主动形式表示被动意义)

be worthy of＋ n./being done 值得……

(2)worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。

 

3．observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守

 

The woman was observed to follow him closely.

有人看到那女子紧跟着他。

 

[快速闪记]

(1)observe sb do sth 观察某人做某事全过程

observe sb doing sth 观察某人正在做某事

(2)observer n. 观察者；遵守者

observation n. 观察；观测

 

4．respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意

 

We all respect him as a great leader for his ability.

我们都因他的能力而尊他为伟大的领袖。

 

[快速闪记]

(1)respect sb as... 尊某人为……

respect sb for sth 因……尊重某人

show/have respect for sb 尊敬某人

give/send/offer one's respect to sb 代某人向……问好

in some respects 在某些方面

in respect of sth 关于……；就……而言

(2)respectable adj. 值得尊敬的

 

5. argue vt.&vi.讨论；辩论；争论

 

It's no use arguing about the question with him for he won't change his view.

与他讨论这个问题是没用的，因为他不会改变自己的观点。

 

[快速闪记]

(1)argue for 为……而辩护；赞成

argue against 争辩反对……

argue with sb about/over sth 与某人争辩某事

argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事

(2)argument n. 争论；争辩；争吵

 

6．inspire vt.鼓舞；激发；启示

His speech inspired the college students to study harder.

他的演讲激励那些大学生更加努力地学习。

 

[快速闪记]

(1) inspire sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事

inspire sb with... 使某人产生……

(2) inspired adj. 有创作力的；受灵感启示的

inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；吸引人的

inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞或激励人的人或事物

 

7. support n.&vt. 支持；拥护

 

As a party member，we should support the leadership of our party.

作为一个党员，我们应拥护党的领导。

 

[快速闪记]

(1)support oneself by... 靠……度日

in support of 支持……；赞同……

come to one's support 支持某人

(2)supporter n. 支持者；拥护者

supportive adj. 支持的；支援的

 

8．refer vi. 谈到；查阅；参考

 

When I said someone was lazy，I didn't refer to you.

当我说有人很懒时，我指的不是你。

 

[快速闪记]

refer to 查阅；参考；谈到

refer...to... 把……交给……

refer to...as... 把……称作……

reference n. 提及；参考；查阅

 

9. intend vt. 计划；打算

 

This kind of bicycle is intended for people who are too tall.

这种自行车是专为身材过高的人设计的。

 

[快速闪记]

intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事

intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事

be intended for... 专为……而设计的；专供……使用的

 

Ⅱ. 高频短语必会

 

1．move off 离开；起程；出发

 

The lorries were lined up，ready to move off.

卡车都排好队，准备出发。

 

[快速闪记]

move about/around 四处走动

move in 迁入新居

move on 前进

move away 搬走

 

2．lead a...life 过着……的生活

 

3．crowd in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海

 

Memories crowded in on him as soon as he met the friend whom he had heard nothing of for over thiry years.

他一碰到那位三十多年来没有音信的朋友，许多往事便涌上了心头。

 

[快速闪记]

crowd in on sb/crowd into one's mind 想法、问题等涌上心头，涌入脑海

crowd into... 涌入，挤进……

be crowded with 挤满了……

 

4．look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起

 

No one likes to be looked down upon/on.

谁也不喜欢被别人看不起。

 

[快速闪记]

look about 四处查看；考察事态

look ahead 为未来着想；展望

look back 记起；回想

look forward to 期待；盼望

look on 旁观；观察

 

5．come across (偶然)遇见；碰见

 

In the course of the experiment，they came across some new problems.

在实验过程中，他们碰到了一些新问题。

 

[快速闪记]

come up (计划、议题等)被提出；发芽；上升；发生

come about 发生

come out 出来；出版；显现；真相大白

come up with 提出

come to 提到；说到；总共；达到

 

6．carry on 继续；坚持

 

Carry on with your work while I'm away.

我不在时你要接着干。

 

[快速闪记]

carry on with sth 继续做某事

carry out 履行，实施，执行

carry through 帮助……渡过难关；成功完成，顺利实现

 

Ⅲ. 写作句式必学

 

1．Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.

简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么相似。

 

2．This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before.

这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开的黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。

 

3．Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was sheallowed to begin her project.

她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。

 

4．Once I stop，it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.

我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩。

 

5．Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.突然我想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。

 

Ⅳ. 短文语法填空，然后背诵短文，熟记本单元的重点词汇。

 

A Great Woman Doctor

Born in a pigs' nest，Lina led a poor life in her childhood. She __1__(look) down upon by the children of her generation. But she intended to become __2__ doctor after she came across Lin Qiaozhi by chance，__3__ was delivering medical courses to anaudience crowding around her.Before moving off，Lin inspired __4__(she) to carry on her study.With Lin's support，Lina entered an instituteand studied hard sparing no time __5__ entertainment.Her being outspoken and modest won respect for her.Her excellent __6__(argue) skills and observationability put others into the shade.

Now，Lina has become a specialist in human beings' emergency sickness. Herkindness and __7__(consider) behavior to the poor were well known. Theorganization she founded carried out campaigns and welfare __8__(project) to help cut the death rate for the poor. Her job was hard __9__ worthwhile. She often refersto the connection between her __10__(achieve) and Lin Qiaozhi, and says that her poor childhood is the bond between her and the poor.

 

答案：1. was looked 2. a　3. who 4. her 5. for

6. arguing　7. considerate　8. projects　9. but 10. achievement(s)

 

必修四Unit1同步常考知识点练习

 

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

 

1．__Observe__(observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.

 

解析：本题考查祈使句。句意：在实验室里做实验时，一定要仔细观察是否有什么变化发生。句中if引导宾语从句，设空处为主句动词，且表示祈使语气，故用动词原形，构成祈使句。

 

2．I hate it when she calls me at work­I'm always too busy to carry__on__a conversation with her.

 

解析：句意：我讨厌她在我工作的时候给我打电话，我总是太忙了不能和她进行谈话。carry on继续，坚持，进行。

 

3．An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered __by__chance a long lost antique Greek vase.

 

解析：句意：一位最近在通往南岛的渡口旅游的艺术家意外地发现了一个丢失久远的古希腊花瓶。by chance偶然。

 

4．The international agreement，__intended__(intend) to encourage children not to smoke and help people kick the habit, was signed on February 27.

 

解析：考查分词作定语。根据“be intended to do”可知此处填过去分词。

 

5．Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library __for__ a book about it.

 

解析：句意：你参观名胜之前，要在当地图书馆寻找一本关于它的书。look for寻找。

 

6．If you come __across__ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.

 

解析：句意：如果你发现自行车有瑕疵但还想买，可以要求店员降价。come across“(偶然)发现”。

 

7．Trust is a learned__behavior/behaviour__(behave) that we gain from past experiences.

 

解析：考查词形转换。根据空前的a learned可知此处应填名词，两种拼写方式均正确。

 

8．The Internet gives students the chance to have the materials they need __delivered__(deliver) to them quickly and cheaply.

 

解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：互联网给学生们提供了让他们所需的材料迅速廉价地传递给他们的机会。句中they need为定语从句，修饰materials，并且使用了have sth.done结构，故用delivered作宾语补足语。

 

9．After the strong typhoon “Haiyan” visited the Philippines, gone __were__(be) the beauty and many other things.

 

解析：考查主谓一致。这里考查了一个倒装句，句中的主语为the beauty and many other things，故谓语动词用复数形式。根据句意可知用一般过去时。句意：强台风“海燕”经过菲律宾之后，美丽的风景和其他许多东西一去不复返了。

 

10．On November 11, communities hold ceremonies and parades __to_observe__(observe) Veterans Day in America.

 

解析：句意：在美国十一月十一日，很多社团举办仪式和游行庆祝退伍军人节。

 

11．—Where did you go on National Day?

—Jiuzhai Valley.I __had_intended__(intend) to go to France, but the expense was too high.

 

解析：过去完成时表示“本打算去法国(却没去)”。

 

12．To their disappointment，Dr Wang gave a speech about the economy without even a passing __reference__(refer) to the problem of unemployment.

 

解析：句意为：令他们失望的是，王教授只是做了一个关于经济方面的演讲，根本都没有提及失业方面的问题。

 

13．All we need __is__(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.

 

解析：考查主谓一致和动词时态。根据表语a small piece of land可知谓语用单数，而根据从句的时态可知所填词用一般现在时。

 

14．If you carry __on__ working like that, you'll break down sooner or later.

 

解析：carry on继续。

 

15．I always take fuel consumption into __consideration__(consider) when buying a car.

 

解析：take...into consideration把……考虑在内。

 

Ⅱ. 完成句子

 

1．He said he decided to __set_off/out_for_Beijing__(出发去北京), which is at a distance of 1,000 miles away from here.

 

2．__Only_by_living/leading_a_wealthy_life__(只有过富裕的生活) could he feel a bit comfortable.

 

3．She was surprised at the fact that too many uncomfortable thoughts __were_crowding_in_on/upon_her__(正涌上她心头) just now.

 

4．__If_I_had_one_million_dollars_by_chance__(如果我碰巧拥有一百万美元), I would donate it to the poor.(if...)

 

5．一到那里，我就会跟你联络的。(once...)

 

__Once_I_arrived_there__， I'll __get_in_touch_with__ you.

 

6．很显然，运动使我们健康、强壮。(make＋宾语＋宾补)

 

__It_is_obvious_that__ having sports __makes_us_healthy_and_strong__.

 

7．她争辩说，野生动物被留在野外，而不是被用作娱乐。(argue that...)

 

She __argued_that_wild_animals_should_be_left__ in the wild rather than __be_used_for_entertainment__.

 

8．那一刻，他突然意识到这本字典使他学习英语容易多了。(make it＋adj.＋for sb.to do)

 

At that time, he suddenly realized that __the_dictionary_made_it_easier_for_him_to_learn_English__.

 

9．我们应该尊敬那些经常帮助别人的人。(定语从句)

 

We should __show_respect_for_those_who_often_help_others__.

 

10．昨天，就是王教授到我们学校发表了一个关于如何应对突发事件的讲座。(It is...that...)

 

Yesterday, __it_was_professor_wang_who/that__ came to our school and delivered a speech on __how_to_deal_with_an_emergency__.

 

Ⅲ. 单句改错

 

1．They were observed enter the manager's office last night.

 

__observed后加to__

 

2．He supported of the government in its plan to build more railway lines.

 

__去掉of__

 

3．How did it come across that humans speak so many different languages?

 

__across→about__

 

4．It hitted me that I forgot to go to the airport to pick up my friend.

 

__hitted→hit__

 

5．The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to carry out their discussion.

 

__out→on__

 

6．I often look at the words I don't know in the dictionary or on the Internet.

 

__at→up__

 

7．The book Deliriously Happy: and Other Bad Thoughts is intended to parents with young children.

 

__to→for__

 

8．The speech delivering by the headmaster at the meeting yesterday left a deep impression on his students.

 

__delivering→delivered__

 

9．It is considerate for you not to make any noise while the others are having a rest.

 

__for→of__

 

10．He hates to be looked down, so treat him as our honored guest.

 

__down后加上upon/on__

 

 

Ⅳ. 教材原句

 

1．This means__going__(go) back to the place where we left the family__sleeping__(sleep) in a tree the night before.

 

解析：第一空考查mean doing，意为“意味着做”；第二空考查分词作定语，sleep与family之间为主动关系。

 

2．One important thing she discovered was__that__chimps hunt and eat meat.

 

解析：考查表语从句。从句中不缺少主语和宾语，且不缺少语意，故填that。

 

3．She spent years__observing__(observe) and recording their daily activities.

 

解析：考查spend some time in doing sth.“花费时间干某事”。

 

4．She had helped to set up special places__where__they can live safely.

 

解析：考查定语从句。从句中不缺主语和宾语，且先行词表地点，故填where。

 

5．__Following__(follow) Jane's way of studying chimps, our group__are__(be) all going to visit them in the forest.

 

解析：第一空考查分词作状语，follow与our group之间为主动关系，故填following；第二空考查主谓一致，主语group强调的为个体，故用复数，时态为一般现在时。

 

6．__Watching__(watch) a family of chimps wake up__is__(be) our first activity of the day.

 

解析：第一空考查动名词作主语；第二空考查主谓一致，主语为动名词，谓语动词用单数。

 

7．By chance I came__across__an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi，__a__specialist in women's diseases.

 

解析：第一空考查固定短语come across，意为“偶然遇到”；第二空考查名词作同位语，对Lin Qiaozhi进行解释泛指“一位专家”，用不定冠词a。

 

8．There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi，__tired__(tire) after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby.

 

解析：考查形容词作状语。修饰人时用­ed形式的，说明人是“疲倦的”。

 

9．I realized that the text__was_intended__ (intend) for women in the countryside.

 

解析：考查时态和语态。be intended for意为“专门为……设计的”。

 

10．It was still not__too__late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations.

 

解析：考查“too...to...”结构，意为“太……而不能”。

 

Ⅴ. 语篇填空

 

Most of the time, chimps either feed ①__or__ clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon ②__and__ she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond ③__between__ members of a chimp family is as strong as in ④__a__ human family.

Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp ⑤__behaviour__ (behave). She spent years ⑥__observing__(observe) and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Combe in 1960, it was ⑦__unusual__(usual) for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months ⑧__was__ she allowed to begin ⑨__her__ project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was ⑩__that__ chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts.

 

Ⅵ. 话题写作

 

用本单元所学知识完成下列句子，并按照逻辑连成短文。

 

1．汉斯是一个很有成就的人。他致力于帮助无家可归的儿童，他的行为赢得了所有人的尊重。

 

Hans is a man__of_great_achievements__.He has devoted himself to homeless children and his behaviour has__won_respect_of_all__.

 

2．最近汉斯被邀请在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲。

 

Recently, Hans was asked to__deliver_a_speech__at the graduation in Harvard University.

 

3．汉斯说：“关爱孩子是平凡的工作，但是你不要瞧不起平凡的工作。”

 

Hans said,“Caring for children is an ordinary job, but don't__look_down_upon__ordinary jobs.”

 

4．一旦开始做一件事情，你就必须坚持下去，否则你将一事无成。

 

__Once_you_begin_to_do_something__， you must__carry_on_with_it__，otherwise you will never__achieve_anything__.

 

5．只有当你老了回首往事你能够说你已经全力以赴时，你才会对你的一生感到满足。

 

__Only_when_you_are_old__looking back and saying that you have tried your best__will_you_be_content_with_your_life__.

 

组篇公式：将句1改成含有定语从句的复合句。

 

答案：

Hans is a man of great achievements, who has devoted himself to homeless children and whose behaviour has won respect of all. Recently, Hans was asked to deliver a speech at the graduation in Harvard University. He said，“Caring for children is an ordinary job, but don't took down upon ordinary jobs. Once you begin to do something, you must carry on with it, otherwise you will never achieve anything. Only when you are old looking back and saying that you have tried your best, will you be content with your life.”