短文改错 精准押题攻略

短文改错主要考查

1. 识别错误并准确校对错误的能力；

2. 综合运用英语知识的能力；

3. 准确理解语篇，掌握内容及行文逻辑的能力。

错处的设置

1.试题采用1+1+8的方式，即：多了一词需去掉，少了一词需补上，还有八处需换词。

2.通常短句会有1个错误；长句会有2-3个错误。

短文改错的考点分布

1.词法错误

动词：主要考查主谓一致,时态,语态,非谓语动词,情态动词等。

冠词：主要考查a an the 的用法。

介词：主要考查介词的习惯搭配。

名词：主要考查单复数。

形容词：主要考查比较级,词性转换等。

副词：主要考查词性转换等。

代词：主要考查前后指代的一致性以及某些习惯用法等。

并列连词：主要考查行文逻辑。

引导词：主要考查各类从句的引导词的对确使用。

2.句法错误

考查简单句, 复合句的否定, 疑问, 倒装, 省略等。

3. 行文逻辑错误

考查主谓一致, 动作顺序, 感情色彩, 因果, 并列与转折, 递进关系等。

改错10字要诀

完整  一致 多少 词法 逻辑

完整：

一个句子符合基本结构，即具备最基本的主语和谓语。可通过此特征判断句子是否缺成分或多成分。

Eg：

1. 误：All of students , boys and girls , they go.

（多了主语，应去掉they）

    对：All of students , boys and girls , go.

2. 误：He wrote to her , said , ＂ I＇ll love you forever.＂

（多了谓语，改成非谓语形式，said应改为saying）

    对：He wrote to her , saying , ＂ I＇ll love you forever. ＂

3. 误：Still I unwilling to play the game for them sometimes.（2018全国二卷）

（缺少谓语，应加上was作为谓语，且注意主谓一致，时态）

    对：Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometimes.

一致：

主谓一致；代词一致；谓语动词时态，语态一致。

Eg：

1. 误：Good night and remember , you , dear diary , is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend.（2013浙江卷）

    （主谓一致，主语是you，谓语is应改为are）

    对：Good night and remember , you , dear diary , are my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend.

2. 误：They were living in a small house with dogs , ducks , and another animals.（2018全国一卷）

    （代词一致，代词another应改为other）

    对：They were living in a small house with dogs , ducks , and other animals.

3. 误：During my last winter holiday , I find a big change there.（2018全国一卷）

    （谓语动词时态一致，句中时态为过去时，谓语动词find应改为found）

    对：During my last winter holiday , I found a big change there.

4. 误：Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.

（谓语动词语态，句中主语tea与谓语动词drank之间为被动关系，谓语动词drank应改为drunk）

对：Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles.

多少：

多或少了主语, 谓语（同上文）；多或少了冠词, 介词等。

Eg：

1.误：During my last winter holiday , I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.（2018全国一卷）

    （缺少冠词，应在countryside前加the）  

对：During my last winter holiday , I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.

2.误：Still I unwilling to play the game for them sometimes.（2018全国二卷）

（缺少谓语，应加上was作为谓语，且注意主谓一致，时态）

对：Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometimes.

3.误：Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity.（2018全国三卷）

（缺少介词，eager to do为固定搭配意为渴望，应加上to）

对：Some of us were confident and eager to take part in the class activity.

4.误：At the end of our trip , I told my father that I planned to return for every two years ,and he agreed. （2018全国一卷）

（加多介词，every two years作状语，前面不需要加介词，应删掉for）

对：At the end of our trip , I told my father that I planned to return every two years , and he agreed.

词法：

句中所充当的成分；形容词和副词间的转化；名词变形，可数名词和不可数名词，名词的单复数；所有格，人称代词的主格和宾格；形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词，反身代词，不定代词，关系代词；先行词；固定搭配；冠词；形容词比较级。

Eg：

1. 误：I wanted to be a fireman , whose uniform looked so coolly.（2019全国一卷）

（句中成分，句中coolly充当系动词look的表语，因此做形容词，应改为cool）

对：I wanted to be a fireman , whose uniform looked so cool.

2. 误：All the football players on the playground cheered loudly , say that I had a talent for football.（2019全国一卷）

（句中成分，句中cheered 为谓语，say应改为非谓语saying）

对：All the football players on the playground cheered loudly , saying that I had a talent for football.

3. 误：They had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.（2018全国一卷）

（形容词转副词/可数名词单复数，句中separate作副词修饰形容词big，chicken为可数名词，应改为separately/chickens）

对：They had a big separately house to raise dozens of chickens.

4. 误：I felt happily that their life had improved.（2018全国一卷）

（副词转形容词，句中felt作系动词，形容词作表语，happily应改为happy）

对：I felt happy that their life had improved.

5. 误：I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.（2019全国三卷）

（名词单复数，句中many后加可数名词，city应改为复数形式，应该为cities）

对：I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different cities.

6. 误：I tell my mom that if we＇re forced to eat things , we may become ill. But he insists on us eating healthy food.（2020全国三卷）

    （人称代词主格，句中人称代词应代指mom，he应改为she）

    对：I tell my mom that if we＇re forced to eat things , we may become ill. But she insists on us eating healthy food.

7. 误：They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.（2018全国二卷）

（人称代词宾格，句中say to的对象对应help my brain中的my,  us应改为me）

对：They would say to me that playing card games would help my brain.

8. 误：In the cafe , customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.（2019全国三卷）

（反身代词，句中customers的反身代词为他们，应改为themselves）

对：In the cafe , customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment that is created for them.

9. 误：To everyone＇s surprising , the ball went into the net.（2019全国一卷）

    （不定代词，句中everyone＇s为不定代词，不定代词加名词，surprising应改为surprise）

    对：To everyone＇s surprise , the ball went into the net.

10. 误：In the cafe , customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.（2019全国三卷）

（关系代词，句中先行词为environment，指物，关系词在从句中充当主语，what应改为which/that）

对：In the cafe , customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment which/that is created for them.

11.误：In the cafe , customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.（2019全国三卷）

    （先行词，句中先行词引导主语从句，先行词为environment，应改为that/which）

对：In the cafe , customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment that/which is created for them.

12.误：When I studied chemistry high school , I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.（2019全国二卷）

（固定搭配，译为在高中，应在high school前加in）

对：When I studied chemistry in high school , I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.

13.误：For example , every morning , my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple.（2020全国三卷）

    （冠词使用，译为一碗鸡蛋汤，泛指，the应改为a）

对：For example , every morning , my dad has to have a bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple.

14.误：I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people.（2018全国三卷）

（形容词比较级，句中并无比较，larger应改为large）

对：I was afraid that to speak in front of a large group of people.

逻辑：

动作顺序，连词使用

Eg：

1. 误：I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.（2020全国一卷）

    （动作顺序，连词使用，句意应为我耐心等待直到油是热的，应将unless改为until/till）

    对：I waited patiently until/till the oil was hot.

2. 误：Then I can spare some time to learn it again , such that we can practice together every day.（2020全国一卷）

    （连词使用，前后分句为因果关系，such应改为so，so that意为以便于）

对：Then I can spare some time to learn it again , so that we can practice together every day.

Summing up （小结）

短文改错有妙计   完整一致看仔细

词法侧重冠名动   形副互换要留意

分词出现多琢磨   主动被动加语气

全文一处多一词   一处少词想介词

时态人称要统一   连词用法重逻辑