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高中英语必备基础句型和8大时态结构,一定要掌握!

更新时间:2020-08-05浏览:评论: 条

  

老师今天和大家分享的是高中英语必备基础句型和8大时态结构讲解,同学们赶紧学起来吧!

 

 

 必背句型 

 

 

句型1:There+be +主语+地点状语/ 时间状语

There're three books on the table.

桌子上有三本书。

 

句型2:What's wrong with+sb./sth.?

What's wrong with your telephone?

你的手机有什么毛病?

 

句型3:How do you like…?

How do you like China?你觉得中国怎么样?

 

句型4:What do you like about…?

What do you like about China?

你喜欢中国的什么?

 

句型5:had better(not)+动词原形

You'd better ask that policeman over there.

你最好去问问那边的那个警察。

 

句型7:Thank+sb.+for (doing) sth.

Thank you for coming to see me.

感谢你来看我。

 

句型8:So+be/情态动词/助动词+主语

He is a student. So am I.

他是一个学生,我也是。

 

句型9:not…until…

He didn't have supper until his parents came back.

直到他的父母回来他才吃饭。

 

句型10:比较级十and+比较级

The baby cried harder and harder.

那孩子哭得越来越厉害。

 

句型11:the+比较级,the+比较级

The more one has,the more one wants.

拥有的越多,想要的越多。

 

句型12:…as+adj./adv.+as…

…not as(so)+adj./adv.+as…

Last Sunday the weather was not so wet as it is today.

上个星期天的天气不如今天的天气潮湿。

 

句型13:more/less +adj.+than…

I think art is less important than music.

我认为艺术不如音乐重要。

 

句型14:stop…from doing sth.

The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away.

绿色长城将阻挡风吹走土壤。

 

句型15:both…and…

Both you and I are students.

我和你都是学生。

 

句型16:either…or…

Either you or he is wrong.

不是你错就是他错。

 

句型17:neither…nor…

Neither he nor I am a student.

我和他都不是学生。

 

句型18:…as soon as…

As soon as I see him, I'll give him the message.

我一见到他就把你的消息告诉他。

 

句型19:so+adj./adv.+that…

I was so tired that I didn't want to speak.

我累得连话也不想说了。

 

句型20:Though…十主句

Though I like writing to my pen-friend,it takes a lot of time.

虽然我喜欢给笔友写信,但它要耗费我大量时间。

 

句型21:be going to

This afternoon I'm going to buy an English book.

今天下午我要去买本英语书。

 

句型22:be different from

I think this is different from Chinese names.

我认为这与汉语名字不同。

 

句型23:Welcome (back) to…

Welcome back to school!

欢迎回到学校!

 

句型24:have fun doing

We're going to have fun learning English this term.

这学期我们将兴味盎然地学习讲英语。

 

句型25:…because…/…, so..…

I don't know all your names because this is our first lesson.

因为这是我们的第一节课,所以我并不知道你们所有人的名字。

 

句型26:Why don't you…/ Why not…?

Why don't you come to school a little earlier?

为什么不早点到校呢?

 

句型27:make it

Let's make it half past nine.

让我们定在九点半吧!

 

句型28:have nothing to do

They have nothing to do every day.

他们每天无所事事。

 

句型29:be sure/be sure of/ about sth. /be sure to do sth.

I was not sure of/about the way, so I asked someone.

我对于怎么走没有把握,所以我问别人了。

 

句型30:between…and…

There is a shop between the hospital and the school.

在那家医院和那所学校之间有一家商店。

 

句型31:keep sb. /sth. +adj. /V-ing /介词补语 /adv.

You must keep your classroom clean.

你们必须保持教室干净。

Sorry to have kept you waiting.

对不起,让你久等。

 

句型32:find+宾语+宾补

He finds it very hard to travel around the big city.他发现要环游这个大城市是很难的。

 

句型33:…not…any more / longer

The old man doesn't travel any more.

这位老人不再旅行了。

 

句型34:What's the weather like…?

What's the weather like in spring in your hometown?

在你们家乡,春天天气怎么样?

 

句型35:There is no time to do/have no time to do

There was no time to think.

没有时间思考。

I have no time to go home for lunch.

我没有时间回家吃午饭。

 

句型36:Help oneself to…

Help yourself to some fish.

吃鱼吧!

 

句型37:used to do

I used to read this kind of story books.

我过去常读这种故事书。

 

句型38:borrow…from

I borrowed a book from him.

我从他那借了一本书。

 

句型39:lend sb. sth. /lend sth. to sb.

He lent me a story book/He lent a story book to me.

他借了本故事书给我。

 

句型40:have been to

Have you ever been to Hawaii?

你曾去过夏威夷吗?

 

句型41:have gone to

Where's he? He's gone to Washington.

他在哪儿?他去华盛顿了。

 

句型42:be famous for

Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches.夏威夷以它美丽的海滩而出名。

 

句型43:No matter+疑问句+主句

No matter when you come,you are welcomed.

无论你们什么时候来,都受欢迎。

 

句型44:be afraid (of/to do/that..)

Don't be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English.

当说英语时不要害怕犯错误。

 

句型45:…as…as possible/…as…as sb. can

I hope to see him as soon as possible.

我希望能尽快见到他。

He ran here as fast as he could.

他尽最大努力跑到这儿。

 

句型46:practise /enjoy/finish doing

Tom enjoys playing football very much.

汤姆很喜欢踢足球。

He finished reading the story book.

他看完了那本故事书。

 

句型47:ask sb. (not) to do sth.

Her mother ask her to clean the room.

她妈妈叫她打扫房间。

 

句型48:be worth (doing) …

This book is worth reading.

这本书值得读。

 

句型49:seem to do / seem +adj. / (介词短语)

He seems to be angry.

他似乎生气了。

The house seems too noisy.

这房子似乎太吵了。

 

句型50:It's said that…

It's said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great White Shark.

据说大白鲨是最危险的鲨鱼之一。

 

 8 大时态结构 

 

一、一般现在时

 

1、概念:表示经常发生的情况;有规律出现的情况;总是发生的;事实真理。

 

2.时间状语: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week (day, year, month…), on Sundays (on Mondays…), etc.

 

3.基本结构:主语+动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)

 

4.否定形式:主语+am / is / are+not+其他;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加 don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用 doesn't,同时还原行为动词。

 

5.一般疑问句:把 be 动词放于句首;用助动词 do 提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用 does,同时,还原行为动词。

 

eg:

①It seldom snows here. 这里很少下雪。

②He is always ready to help others. 他总是乐于帮助别人。

③Action speaks louder than words. 事实胜雄辩。

 

二、一般过去时

 

1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

 

2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last (year,night,month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time,etc.

 

3.基本结构:主语+动词的过去式或 be 的过去式+名词

 

4.否定形式:主语+was / were+not+其他;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。

 

5.一般疑问句:was 或 were 放于句首;用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问,同时还原行为动词。

 

eg:

①She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。

②I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你这么忙。

 

三、一般将来时

 

1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

 

2.时间状语:Tomorrow, next day (week,month, year…),  soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow,etc.

 

3.基本结构:主语+am/is / are+going to+do+其它;主语+will / shall+do+其它

 

4.否定形式:主语+am /is/ are not going to+do;主语+will / shall not do+其它

 

5.一般疑问句:be 放于句首;will / shall 提到句首。(首字母大写)

 

eg:

①They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将在学习中与我们竞争。

②It is going to rain.天要下雨了。

 

四、一般过去将来时

 

1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

 

2.时间状语:The next day (morning, year…), the following month (week…), etc.

 

3.基本结构:主语+was / were+going to+do+其它;主语+would / should+do+其它

 

4.否定形式:主语+was / were+not+going to+do+其它;主语+would/should+not+do.

 

5.一般疑问句:was 或 were 放于句首;would / should 提到句首

 

eg:

①He said he would go to Beijing the next day. 他说他第二天要去北京。

②I asked who was going there. 我问,谁要去那里。

 

五、现在进行时

 

1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

 

2.时间状语:Now, at this time, days, look, listen, etc.

 

3.基本结构:主语+be+doing+其它

 

4.否定形式:主语+be+not+doing+其它

 

5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。

 

eg:

 

①Are you feeling good today?你今天感觉如何?

 

②He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。

 

 

六、过去进行时

 

1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

 

2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

 

3.基本结构: 主语+was / were+doing+其它

 

4.否定形式:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它

 

5.一般疑问句:把 was 或 were 放于句首。(第一个字母大写)

 

eg:

①At that time she was working in a company. 那段时间她在一家公司工作。

②When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 他进来时,我正在读报纸。

 

七、现在完成时

 

1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

 

2.时间状语:yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+时间点,for+时间段,recently, lately, in the past few years,etc.

 

3.基本结构:主语+have / has+过去分词+其它

 

4.否定形式:主语+have / has+not+过去分词+其它

 

5.一般疑问句:have 或 has 放句首。

 

eg:

①I've written an article. 我已经写了一篇论文。

②The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 在过去的几年,农村发生了巨大的变化。

 

八、过去完成时

 

1.概念:过去发生或者已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

 

2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year (term, month), etc.

 

3.基本结构:had+done.

 

4.否定形式:had+not+done.

 

5.一般疑问句:had 放于句首。

 

6.用法:

(1)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中。

 

eg:

She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她从来没有去过巴黎。

 

(2)在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。

 

eg:

①When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。

 

(3)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。

 

eg:

①We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。

 

②I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。

(注意:had hardly… when... 刚......就......)

 

③He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。

(注意:had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……)

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