专题 01 空格针对训练之段首主题句技法指导

 

完形填空填的是词，七选五填的是句子。解答此题型最快捷实用的解题步骤是先判断，再定位。先判断——即判定空格处的句子是主旨句（标题类，主题句类）、过渡性句子（文章结构）、细节注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）；再定位——即根据上下文语义关系确定填哪一个选项。根据设空位置判断句子作用，有针对性地在选项中筛选答案。

 

（1)如果空格出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句，是对本段的高度概括和提炼。一个自然段往往叙述一件事或表达一个观点，即只有一个主题。认真阅读空格后内容，根据段落表达内容一致性原则，在所给出的选项和段落中查找相关词或者同义词从而推断出该段的主题句，

（2)关注与下文的关系，着重阅读空格后面的第一、二句，确定相关信息词，然后在选项中查找与之相关的内容。阅读时要学会"回前顾后"，以确定答案。

 

[快解题]

读全文→速读全文，了解大意

看位置→看题目位于段首、段中还是段尾

找联系→寻找题目前后在词汇、意义上的联系

思逻辑→思考题目前后在行文上的逻辑关系

析选项→分析选项的特征，预判选项在文中的位置

 

精练必刷题：

（一）

With the summer holiday just around the corner, it seems like everybody is busy planning their vacations. Here are some tips that can help you enjoy your holiday without emptying your pocket：

Travel off-season

Go to your desired destination while the demand is low and take advantage of huge discounts. During the peak season, the hotel and flight prices increase quickly, and you'll likely spend more of your vacation time standing in line due to the rush of tourists. 1．_______

Eat like a local

Why eat at big chain restaurants when you can experience something new? 2．_______ During your family trip, try new food where the locals eat. This will not just save money, but also provide you with a new and different experience. For smaller meals and snacks, avoid restaurants and try street food or other takeout.

3．_______

Websites can help you find discount hotel rooms. Look for places that do not charge extra for children if they use the existing bedding. Stay with the locals. If you and your family are going to Stay for a longer period，renting a small apartment is a good choice.

Choose local transportation

4．_______ Instead, take buses, railways or subways, which are always cheaper. If you are planning to stay for a while, you can consider renting a car. Hiring a car is much easier than carrying your bags everywhere if you are moving around a lot.

Don't hesitate to bargain

Tourist-heavy places are known for overcharging for just about everything. Clothes, travel goodies, souvenirs, etc. are very expensive at these places. 5．_______ Bargain hard to get the best price.

A．Save on hotels.

B．Surf the Internet while traveling.

C．So it's best to find out when the off-season starts.

D．Therefore, avoid buying anything there.

E. Planning your meals is another way to reduce your travel costs.

F. For this reason, you shouldn't feel ashamed to ask for bargains.

G. As a tourist, avoid taking taxis whenever possible, since they are expensive.

（二）

Many people think that English writing is difficult. __1__ Here are some great writing tips that will help you improve your writing in a short time.

Don't ramble (长篇大论). This is a very common mistake made by people who have poor writing skills. When they ramble, they are not paying attention to grammar. As a result, their sentences become very long. __2__ If you know you have poor grammar, use short sentences.

__3__ Think about each sentence carefully to make sure that it is correct before moving on. It's better to write a short passage that is easy to read and error­free than to write a long article that is filled with grammar errors.

Increase your vocabulary. If you don't have a large vocabulary, you will find it difficult to write as you can't find right words to express (表达) yourself clearly. The solution (解决办法) to this problem is to increase your vocabulary. __4__ You can do this by reading the local daily newspapers, borrowing books from the library or watching English programs.

Don't write when you are tired. Tiredness can lead to nothing to write. If you find yourself looking at a blank piece of paper with nothing to write, don't just sit there! Take a walk or a warm shower, or simply lie down to get some rest. __5__ You'll find that you'll enjoy your writing a lot more and make fewer mistakes!

A．Find out the mistakes you've made.

B．Make sure your sentences are correct.

C．You can pick up new words almost anywhere.

D．Write what interests you most in the beginning.

E．As a result, they may give up after trying hard for a while.

F．The longer the sentences are, the more mistakes they'll make.

G．When your mind is relaxed, you should go back to your writing.

（三）

You can take fish oil supplements. You can invest in a language class. There are countless ways to improve your memory and cognitive functioning.__1__.It's called reading. It is amazing how such an ordinary activity can improve your brain in so many ways.

The most basic impact occurs in the brain area associated with language reception. Compared with processing spoken language, reading encourages the brain to work harder and better.__2__.A study found that some of those benefits lasted for five days. Reading also energizes the region responsible for motor activity. That's because the brain is a very lively play actor. When it is reading about a physical activity, the neurons (神经元) that control that activity get busy as well. You may not actually be riding a horse when you're reading Seabiscuit, but your brain acts as if it is.__3__， the better it is for your overall cognitive performance.

What if you are a poor reader who feels as if you would never be able to read enough to harvest these benefits？__4__.Scientists studied children aged eight to ten who were below­average readers. One hundred hours of reading classes significantly improved the quality of their brains' white matter — the tissue that carries signals between areas of gray matter, where information is processed.

__5__.Results from a study indicate that close literary reading gives your brain a better workout than leisurely reading. The ability to read closely needs to be developed. So turn off your phone and your computer, set aside a good hour or two and just read.

A．Reading is good for your health

B．A book can fix that problem too

C．If you read books on a regular basis

D．Not all reading is actually created equal

E．And the benefits continue long after reading

F．The more parts of your brain that get a workout

G．But the most effective way to sharpen your brain is right here

一、

[分析]　本文介绍了暑假出行时既能享受快乐假期，又能够在吃、住、行等方面节省开支的几条建议。

1．C　[段末题。本段小标题Travel off-season是关于淡季旅行的建议，跟淡季话题相关的选项有C和F。上一句是讲旺季的诸多缺点，所以本句应该是"最好是搞清楚淡季从什么时候开始"。]

[错项分析]　因为上一句是讲旺季的特点，F项中的For this season指代上一句的the peak season，很显然不符合本文主题。

2．E　[段中题。第二段小标题介绍在吃的方面节省开支。选项中跟吃有关的只有E项，根据上句意义：不要去选择大的连锁餐馆，而要去尝试一下当地的食物。接本句"这也是另一个减少旅行开支的办法"顺理成章。]

3．A　[考查小标题。观察其他小标题，都是简单祈使句，和其他标题结构一致的选项只有A、B。根据段内句子的意义，可确定话题为住宿。]

[错项分析]　受首句中websites影响易错选B项。B项过于宽泛，没有具体到住宿的问题，所以跟段落内容不契合。

4．G　[段首题。段落标题是关于乘坐当地交通的，本句后紧接着一个instead，转移话题做对比：在出行方面，避免乘坐出租车，而要选择更便宜的公交车、地铁等方式。选项中只有G项是关于交通方式的，且符合题意。]

5．F　[段中题。小标题是关于讲价还价。根据挖空后面的句子Bargain hard to get the best price. 表明本题是建议砍价的，F项符合此意。]

[错项分析]　易错选D项"因此，不要买任何东西。"本句和上一句搭配合适，但是和后一句Bargain hard to get the best price矛盾。

二、语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章给出了提高写作水平的几条技巧。

1．选E　上一句提到了很多人认为英语写作很难，而这种想法的结果是他们努力尝试一段时间后也许就放弃了。

2．选F　该空前后内容都在围绕"句子"展开，选项B和F中都有sentences，再结合该空前一句中的"their sentences become very long"可知，应选F。

3．选B　该空为该段的主题句，根据该段中出现的"correct"， "error­free"， "grammar errors"可知，该段内容与句子的正确性有关，故选B。

4．选C　该段内容围绕词汇量展开，七个选项中提到单词的是C项，再根据该空后一句可知，C项"你几乎可以在任何地方学到新单词"正确。

5．选G　该空前一句内容与如何放松有关，再根据该空下一句可知，本空为过渡句，承接上文的"放松"和下文的"动手写作"。

三、语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了为什么阅读可以使大脑变得更加聪慧。

1．选G　下句中的"It"指代G项中的"the most effective way to sharpen your brain"，故答案为G项。句意：要提高记忆力和认知功能有无数种方法，但是这里有使你的大脑变得敏锐的最有效的方法，它被称为阅读。

2．选E　下句中的"lasted for five days"与E项中的"continue long after reading"相对应，故答案为E项。

3．选F　"the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ..."为固定句式，意为"越……，就越……"。根据设空处后的"the better it is ..."可知，答案为F项。

4．选B　B项中的"that problem"指的是前面的疑问句内容，故答案为B项。句意：如果你是一个阅读能力差的人，觉得自己永远无法读足够多的书来获得这些好处，那该怎么办？一本书也能解决那个问题。

5．选D　设空处为主题句。根据下文的介绍(一项研究结果表明，和悠闲阅读相比，细读文学作品能更好地锻炼大脑)可知答案为D项(实际上并不是所有的阅读都是相同的)。

 

资料整理于网络，如有侵权，联系作者删除

 

更多高中必修单词，可以参考学习蔡章兵教授新单词书。

 

　

 

 

 

 

 

 

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