时态

时态是用以表示各种时间和动作方面的动词形式。时间有四个主要部分，即现在、过去、将来和过去将来。动作方面也有四种，即一般、完成、进行和完成进行。将这些时间和动作方面组合在一起，即构成16种时态。下面我们主要复习一下初中学过的6种时态。

被动语态

语态是动词的一种形式，用以表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

一、被动语态的用法

当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。如：

David is given a lot of work to do.

Fish from the east coast is sold to many countries.

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成，be随主语的人称、数和时态的变化而变化。

被动语态可以用于各种时态，初中学过的主要有以下三种：

★一般现在时的被动语态，由“am / is / are +及物动词的过去分词”构成。如：

I am paid more than Joe.

The boy is called Little Tiger.

You are invited to give us a talk in English.

★一般过去时的被动语态，由“was / were +及物动词的过去分词”构成。如：

The play was written by Shakespeare.

Two birds were killed last night.

★一般将来时的被动语态，由“am / is / are going to be +及物动词的过去分词”或“will be +及物动词的过去分词”构成。如：

Are these problems going to be discussed at the meeting this afternoon?

We will be asked to attend the meeting tomorrow.

补充：

1. 带情态动词的被动语态，由“情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分词”构成。如：

This must be considered carefully.

The classroom should be cleaned every day.

2. 英语中某些连系动词的主动语态可以表示被动意义，如smell, taste, sound, prove, feel等。如：

The food tastes nice.

The story proved false.

【小试牛刀】

I. 选用括号内合适的内容完成下面对话。

Alice: Hello, this is Alice. May I speak to Mark?

Mark: Hi, Alice. This is Mark speaking.

Alice: Hey, Mark. I called you at eight o'clock this morning but you 1. ________ (don't pick / didn't pick) up.

Mark: At eight o'clock this morning I 2. ________ (practiced / was practicing) the piano. I didn't hear you. Sorry!

Alice: Well, what are you doing now?

Mark: I 3. ________ (relax / am relaxing) by reading a book. Do you need my help?

Alice: Yeah! Help me finish a survey. In the past you 4. ________ (take / took) the bus to school, yes?

Mark: Right! But now I usually 5. ________ (rode / ride) my bike to school.

Alice: You have two bikes, yes?

Mark: Yeah! I got my first bike at nine. I 6. ________ (have had / had) my second bike for two years. And I 7. ________ (sold / will sell) my two bikes.

Alice: Oh? Why have you made such a plan?

Mark: I 8. ________ (walk / will walk) to school from next week on. I 9. ________ (didn't use / won't use) my bikes. So I will ...

Alice: I see. Thank you.

II. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

Stephen Hawking was born in England in 1942. After leaving school, Hawking went first to Oxford University then to Cambridge University. At that time he didn't work hard. He 1. ________ (think) to be a lazy student. However, he still got high marks.

At twenty, Hawking noticed there was something wrong with him. He 2. ________ (send) to hospital for tests. He 3. ________ (tell) he would die before he was twenty-three. However, Hawking didn't give up, saying "I'm young. I think some things can 4. ________ (do) by myself." Then Hawking worked at Cambridge University as a professor. Later he became a famous scientist in the world.

Hawking's achievement in science made him a hero in the world. On March 14th, 2018 Hawking died. I think he 5. ________ (remember) forever by people all over the world.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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