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仁爱版八年级英语下册Unit 6 Topic 2知识清单

更新时间:2021-03-04浏览:评论: 条

Unit 6 topic 2

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Section A 

重点词组

be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事;

prepare for为……做准备;

(be) on vacation 度假;

look forward to + doing sth. 期待做某事;

make a plan to do sth.制订计划做某事;

receive a postcard  收到一张明信片;

plan a trip制定一个旅行计划;

come along (with)  跟着来,跟随;

work out  算出,解决,计算出,找出……的答案;

go to the seaside去海边;

camp in the forest 在森林宿营;

重点句型

1. Glad to receive your postcard. 很高兴收到你的明信片。

 receive 作动词,意为“收到,接到,受到”,表示客观上收到,常用短语:receive sth. from sb. 收到某人某物。

 accept 意为“接受”,表示主观上接受。如:

Nick received a letter from his father.

尼克收到父亲的一封来信。

I received his invitation but didn’t accept it. 

我收到了他的请帖,但不接受邀请

2. While you were enjoying your trip to Mount Tai, I was busy preparing for my exams.当你在享受泰山之旅时,我正忙着准备考试。

(1)be busy doing sth.忙于做某事,后面还可接名词,即be busy with sth.忙于某事。如:

I am busy doing my homework. 

= I am busy with my homework. 

我忙于做作业。

(2)连词while 意为“当……时候,和……同时”,在此引导的从句或主句中的谓语必须用延续性动词,强调主句和从句的动作同时进行。如:

The accident happened while we are having dinner. 

  故事发生时,我们正在吃饭。

I was doing my homework while mom was cooking. 

= While mom was cooking, I was doing my homework.

妈妈做饭时,我在做作业。 

时间状语从句可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后(需要注意的是:从句在前面时,主从句之间要用逗号隔开)

 【辨析】  when和as也表示“当……时候”

 when 有两种不同用法:第一,和while一样,when可以搭配延续性动词;第二,when相当于at the time“就在那一刻”,后接短暂性动词,与主句动作有先后之分。如:

(用法一)Eric was listening to music when / while he was doing his homework. 埃里克一边做作业,一边听音乐。

(用法二)It began to rain when he got home.当他到家时,天开始下雨了。  

 as 多用于口语,A. 强调at the same time.不指动作先后,而指同时发生,尤指短暂性动作或事件同时发生。

B. 说明两种正在发展或变化的情况。  如: 

(A) Ann came along as she sang.  安边唱歌边走过来。

(B) It’s getting colder and colder as winter comes. 随着冬天的到来,天气越来越冷了。

(3)prepare for(doing)sth  准备(做)某事;如:

The students are preparing for the coming exams. 

学生正在准备即将到来的考试。

3. But now I'm on vacation. 但我现在在度假。

on在这里指“处于……情况或状态”。这种用法常见短语:

on holiday 在度假;

on sale 热销中;

on business 在出差;

on line 在线

4. I’m looking forward to meeting him. 我盼着与他见面。

look forward to +(doing/ n./ pron.) 意为“期待,盼望”,to 是介词,后面可加名词(n.)、代词(pron.)或动名词 (doing);如:

He is looking forward to going abroad. 

他期待去国外。

5. I’d like you to meet with me when he arrives. 我想要你在他到达时和我一起去见他。

when引导的时间状语从句是将要发生的动作时,应用一般现在时代替一般现在将来时,其他连词引导的时间状语从句也是如此。(即主将从现) 如:

I’ll call you when he comes tomorrow. 

他明天来的时候我会给你打个电话。

When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse. 

我长大后要当一名护士。

6. Would you help me make a plan to explore Beijing before he comes? 在他来之前,你能帮我制订一个探索北京的计划吗?

to explore Beijing 不定式作定语修饰 a plan.

(1) Would you 比will you 语气更加客气,委婉, 类似还有:could you.......? 如:

Could you come along with us ? 

你要和我们一起吗?

(2) ① make a plan to do sth.制订计划做某事;如:

The boy made a plan to visit around the world.

男孩制订了一个环游全世界的计划。

② make a plan for sth.为某事制订计划;如:

I made a plan for my summer vacation. 

我为我的暑假制订了一个计划。

(3) explore 动词, 意为“考察(某地区),探险,勘察”;如:

He went out to explore.他出去考察了。

explorer 名词,意为“探险家,探测者”;如:

She want to be an explorer when she grows up. 

当她长大后,她想成为一名探险家。

6. That would be very interesting. 那将会很有趣。

would意为“一定会;就会”,是情态动词,后接动词原形,表示猜测。如: 

She would look nice with short hair. 

她留短发会很好看。

7. Would you help me plan a trip ? 请你帮我定个旅行计划好吗?

(1) ①Would 与you 连用表示请求或要求;won’t you加强邀请的语气。但would 比will语气更加客气,委婉。如: 

Will you come this way, please? 

请这边走好吗?

Won’t you coming in and take a seat?

你怎么不进来找个位子坐下?

 Will you....? 和 Would you....? 在表达“请求”时用法完全一样,其答语也相同。只是后者更有礼貌。如:

—Will /Would you have some more tea? 再喝点茶,好吗?

—Yes, please. 好的。/  No, thank you. 不,谢谢。

(2)trip 作可数名词,意为“旅行,旅程”。动词短语 plan a trip 意为“制定旅行计划”。

8. Could/ Can you come along with us? 你和我们一起来好吗? 

(1)在表达请求别人做某事常用can/ could,could 更礼貌。肯定回答时用:can/may, 不用could。如:

—Could/ Can I ask you a question, Mr. Lee?

李老师,我可以问你一个问题吗? 

—Yes, of course you can. 当然可以。

(2)come along (with…) 意为“随同,跟随,和……一起来,进展”,如:

Ray had some work to finish and decided to come along later. 

雷还有些工作要做完,决定迟点儿再来。

Would you like to come along with us?

你愿意跟我们一起吗?

 

Section B

重点词组

in the center of.... 在……中心

square meter 平方米

from ..... to......  从……到……

in the north of..... 在……北侧

can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事

by the way 顺便问一下

重点句型

1. It covers 440000 square meters. 它占地面积为44万平方米。

(1)cover 动词,有多层含义:  

①掩饰,遮盖;如: 

She covered her face with her hands. 

她双手掩面。 

②覆盖;  如:

Snow covered the ground. 

大雪覆盖了大地。 

③占(一片面积);如: 

Our school covers about 1000 square meters. 

我们学校占地大约一千平方米。

(2)square meter 平方米;

2. It’s 880 meters long from north to south and 500 meters wide from east to west. 它南北长880米,东西宽500米。

(1)英语长、宽、高、深表达方法:基数词+长度单位+long/wide/high/deep 意为:“多少(米)长/宽/高/深”;如:

three meters long  三米长;

10 meters high  10米高;

0.6 meters wide  0.6米宽

one meter deep   一米深  

The desk is about 1.2 meters long. 

这张课桌大约1.2米长。

试比较以下两句话:

The boy is 10 years old. 这个男孩10岁。(作表语)

He is a 10-year-old boy.这是个10岁的男孩。(放在名词前作定语)

(2)from ..... to...... 从……到……;

3. It can hold one million people. 可以容纳100万人。

(1)hold在此处意为“容纳,包含”;如:

The plane holds about 300 passengers.

这架飞机可容纳大约300个乘客。

(2)hold还可表示“拿着,抓住,抱住”;如:

She was holding the baby in her arms.

她抱着婴儿。

(3)hold 还可意为“举行,进行”;如: 

Beijing is holding the 9th International Garden Expo.

北京正在举行第九届国际园艺博览会。

4. In the north of the square, we can see Tian’anmen Rostrum. 在广场北端,我们可以看到天安门城楼。

in the +方位名词+of…,指在某一范围之内的地区。如:

Beijing is in the north part of China.(在内部)

to the +方位名词+of…,指互不接壤且互不管辖的两个地区。如:

Japan is to the east of China. 

日本在中国东边。(不接壤)

on the +方位名词+of…,指相互接壤但互不管辖的两个地区。如:

Shangdong is on the northeast of  Henan. 

山东在河南的东北部。(接壤)

5. The square must be quite meaningful to all Chinese people. 这个广场对于所有的中国人来说一定意义重大。

 must在此表示肯定推测,意为“一定是,准是”。如:

The light is on. She must be at home. 

灯亮着,她一定在家。

 may表示推测时可能性较小。如:

It may rain tomorrow. 

明天可能会下雨。

 can表示推测时,多用于否定句或疑问句。如:

That can't be Mary—She's in hospital. 

那不可能是玛丽。她在住院。

6. I can’t wait to see it. 我迫不及待地想看了。

can't wait 表示一种迫切心情,意为“多么想,等不及”,后面一般接动词不定式:  can’t wait to do sth. 等不及做某事,如:

He couldn't wait to open the box. 

他迫不及待地打开盒子。

7. How far is it from here to Tian’anmen Square? 这里离天安门广场多远?

(1)how far 用来询问距离、路程;it代之距离,常用:How far is it from A to B? ……多远?来提问两地之间的距离。

【辨析】 How long ...... 也指……多远?  但是是对时间段或长度的提问。如:

—How long does it take to get to your house? 到你家需要多久?

—Twenty minutes.  20分钟 。

—How far does is it from your house to our school? 

我们学校离你家有多远?   

—Three kilometers.  3公里 。

(2) 路程表达有两种方式:

A .用长度单位表达。   如:

It’s 1000 kilometers away from Shanghai.

这离上海有1000千米

B.用时间表达。如:

It’s about twenty minutes’ walk from my home to my school. 

从我家到学校步行大约需要20分钟。

8. It’s about one and a half hours by bike. 骑自行车大约要一个半小时。

“几个半”表示方法:

基数词+and+ a half +n.

= 基数词 +n. + and +a half.

one and a half hours

= one hour and a half

一个半小时;

It took me three and a half hours to finish the housework.

= It took me three hours and a half to finish the housework. 

我花了三个半小时做完家务。

【链接】 文中one and a half hours by bike也可以表达为:one and a half hours’ (bike) ride.

ten minutes on food

= ten minutes’ walk 步行十分钟的路程

9. The chairman Mao Memorial Hall lies to the southeast of the Great Hall of the People while it lies to the southwest of the National Museum.毛主席纪念堂位于人民大会堂东南端,国家博物馆西南。

 lie意为“位于,坐落于”,其动名词形式为lying,过去式为lay.  如: 

Japan lies to the east of China.

日本位于中国东面。

② lie还可以表示“躺,平卧”;如:

There was a child lying on the ground. 

地上躺着一个小孩。

③ lie也意为“平放”。如:

Clothes were lying all over the floor.

地上到处堆放着衣服。

 

Section C

重点词组

a parking lot  一个停车场

be full of = be filled with 充满,装满......

look for...  寻找...... 

be surprised at...  对……感到惊奇

be surprised to do... 惊奇地(做)……

in all directions  四面八方

step on sth.    踏,踩某物

step on sb.’s feet  踩了某人的脚

push one’s way out  挤出去

too + adj. + to do sth.   太……而不能做某事

not…until…  直到……才……

raise one’s head 抬头

as soon as... 一……就……

an hour’s ride  骑一个小时车

be famous for... 因……而出名

can’t help doing sth  禁不住/忍不住做某事

重点句型

1. The parking lot was full of tour buses, cars and bicycles, so they had to look for space to park their bicycles. 停车场停满了旅游巴士、汽车和自行车,所以他们只好去找地方停他们的自行车。

(1)be full of 充满,装满,与be filled with 同义。如:

The classroom is full of students. 

= The classroom is filled with students. 

学生装满了整个教室。

(2)park 作名词,意为“公园”;如:

There is a park near my home. 我家附近有一个公园。

park 作动词,意为“停放(车辆);泊(车)”;如: 

He found a place to park his car. 

他找到一个地方停车。

(3)space 作不可数名词,意为“(可利用的) 空间,地方”  如:

That desk takes up too much space.那张桌子占地太大

room作不可数名词时,意为“空间”,与space同义,可互换。如:

There is no room/space on the bus.

公交车上一点空也没有。

(4)look for 意为“寻找”,强调动作。find 意为“找到”强调结果。如:

I looked for my watch here and there, but I couldn't find it. 

我到处找我的手表,但是我没找到。

2. After parking their bicycles, they walked to Tian’anmen Square.在停好自行车后,他们步行到天安门广场。

当after引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时,往往可以用“after+动词ing”的形式替代该状语从句。如:

After finishing my homework,I went out.

我做完作业后,就出去了!(句中Finish和go的主语相同都是I) 

当由when,while,if,though,after,before,as等引导的时间状语从句中,从句的主语和主句的主语相同时可以用“连词+动词ing”的形式替代该状语从句。如:

When coming into the room(= When I came into the room),I saw him. 

当我进入房间的时候,我看到了他。

While waiting there(While he waited there), he saw a pretty girl. 

当他在哪里等待的时候,他看见了一个漂亮的女孩。

3. While the crowd was pushing Darren in all directions, someone stepped on his feet.人群把达伦挤得东倒西歪,有人踩了他的脚

(1)crowd  n. 意为“人群,观众”。如:

A small crowd arrived at the top of hill. 

一小群人到达山顶了。

crowded adj. 意为“人多的,拥挤的”   如:

In spring,the place is very crowded. 

春天这地方很拥挤。 

(2)push  v. 意为“挤来挤去;推开;推动”。反义词是pull “拉;扯”。如:

You push while I pull. 你推我拉。

push one’s way out 意为“推进(道路);挤开”。如:

I pushed my way out and got to the front.

我挤到前面去了。

(3)direction  n. 意为“方向,方位”,常和in搭配,如下:

in the direction of… 意为“朝……方向”。

Tom went off in the direction of the post office. 

汤姆朝邮局方向去了。

in all directions 四面八方;

When the police arrived, the crowd ran away in all directions.

警察赶到后,人们便向四处散开了

(4)① step  v. “踩,踏,行走”,step on sth.  踏,踩某物;如: 

Don’t step on the flowers and grass. 

不要践踏花草。

He opened the door and stepped out. 

他打开们,走出去

 ② step可以作名词,表示“步伐;脚步;步骤‘台阶;距离”。如: 

He walked with a quick light step. 

他迈着轻快的步子走着。

It’s only a few steps further. 

再走几步就到了。

I’ll explain it to you step by step. 我来一步一步地给你解释

There are 1000 steps in this building. 

这栋楼有一千级台阶。

4. There you are! 你原来在这儿!

这是个倒装句,表达一种“惊讶”的语气。here和there常用来引导倒装句,其结构为:Here / There +代词+动词 或者  Here / There +代词+名词。如:

Here it is!它竟然在这儿!

Here comes the bus! 公车来了!

5. He was too worried to think about what to do.他太着急了以至于想不出该怎么办。

too + adj. + to do sth.

= not + adj. + enough + to do sth. 

太……以至于……;太……而不能…… ,如: 

The girl is too young to look after herself. 

= The girl isn’t old enough to look after herself. 

这个女孩太小了而照顾不了自己。

6.I’d like to tell you about my travel experiences. 我想把我的旅行经历告诉你。

experience n.  作可数名词,意为“经历,阅历”如:

My trip to Beijing is a great experience. 

我的北京之旅是一次很好的经历

作不可数名词,意为“经验”。如:

Experience is the best teacher. 

经验是最好的老师

Leo has three years’ experience of teaching English.

利奥有三年的英语教学经验。

 

Section D

重点词组

have a wonderful vacation  度过了一个愉快的假期;

have fun (in) doing sth.  从某事中获得乐趣;

ask sb. for help  向某人求助;

Thank goodness.  谢天谢地!

run after  追赶;

重点句型

1. While we were having fun exploring, I found that Darren was lost. 当我们兴致勃勃地游览时,我发现达伦不见了。

(1)have fun (in) doing sth.  高兴地做某事,兴致勃勃地做某事,如:

He is having fun drawing. 

他在开心的画画。

(2)be lost “遗失,丢失”,如: 

My purse was lost last week. 

我的钱包上周丢了。

2. We looked for him everywhere. 我们到处寻找他。

everywhere  adv. 意为“到处,处处”,可用here and there 替换。如:

His dog follows him everywhere. 

他的狗处处跟着他。

3. We even asked a policeman for help. 我们甚至还请警察帮忙。

ask sb. for sth. 向某人要求或索要某物,如:

Tom is always asking me for money. 

汤姆总是向我要钱。

【链接】 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人(去做某事)

ask for help 寻求帮助

ask for trouble自讨苦吃

ask about 咨询 

 

重点语法:时间状语从句

1. 在时间状语从句中,要注意时态一致。 

A. 当主句为一般过去时时,从句常用过去的某种时态。 

While I was doing my homework , the telephone rang. 

B. 当主句的时态为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。 

I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing. 

2.常见地时间状语从句

一、 when、while和as的用法与区别

三者都表示“当……时候”,需要注意的是:

1. when引导的时间状语从句中,用动词的一般现在时表将来。

Mr. Smith will call you up when he arrives in Beijing.

当史密斯先生到达北京时,他将给你打电话。

2. when也能表示“正在这时”。

I was walking in the park, when it began to rain.

我正在公园里散步,这时天开始下雨了。

3. 与进行时连用时,when相当于while或as。

When/While/ As Jane was playing the violin, I walked in quietly. 当简在拉小提琴时,我悄 悄地走进了。

4. as引导时间状语从句时表示“当……时;一边……一边……”,侧重表示两个动作同时发生。

The boy jumps as he goes along. 

那个男孩边走边跳。

 

二、由before和after引导的时间状语从句用法

before意为“在……之前”,根据具体语境还可意为“还没来得及/ 还没有……就……;……才……”等。

after表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。

We arrived there two days before Christmas.我们在

圣诞节前两天到了那儿。

Before he knew it, his piece of meat had fallen into the water. 他还没有醒悟过来,那块肉已经掉进水里了。

After you think it over, please let me know what you decide. 

你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。

 

三、as soon as引导的时间状语从句用法

as soon as意为“一……就”,表将来要发生的动作,遵循“主将从现”的原则;表示两个紧接着发生的动作,主从句都用一般过去时。

As soon as she comes to the party, we will give hera big surprise. 

她一来参加晚会,我们就给她一个大惊喜。(现在)

As soon as he got to the station, the train left. 

他一到达火车站,火车就离开了。(过去)

 

四、until引导的时间状语从句用法

1. 在含有until引导的时间状语从句中,如果主句的谓语动词是延续性动词,如:work,live,stay,study,play,wait等,那么这个主句常用肯定式,表示动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。until可意为“直到……为止”。

I’ll workuntil he tells me to stop. 

我会一直工作到他叫我停下来为止。

2. 在含有until引导的时间状语从句中,如果主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词,如:come,go,leave,begin,start,finish等,那么这个主句常要用否定式,表示某一动作到until所表示的时间才发生。即not ...until... 意为“直到……才……”。如:

She didn’t go tobed until she finished her homework.

直到做完作业, 她才去睡觉。

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