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外研社版高一英语新教材必修三Unit 3知识清单

更新时间:2021-11-12浏览:评论: 条

***知识清单***

Unit 3 The world of science

一、词汇派生

1.virtual adj.模拟的

→virtually adv.模拟

2.flexible adj.易弯曲的,柔韧的;有弹性的

→inflexible adj.僵化的

→flexibly adv.灵活地;易曲地;有弹性地 

→flexibility n.灵活性;柔韧度

3.capable adj.有能力的

→capably adv.有能力地

→capability n.才能,能力

 

二、一词多义

1.press v.压,按,靠着;按(按钮或开关)n.新闻报道;新闻界;印刷机;出版社

The press have been very critical about him and his family.(新闻界)

②Judging from the press,the concert was a great success.(新闻报道)

③Since the invention of printing press,poems became more popular.(印刷机)

④She pressed her face against the window with tears running down.(压,按,靠着)

⑤Drago pressed a button and the door closed before we walked in.[按(按钮或开关)]

⑥The dictionary was published by Oxford University Press.(出版社)

 

2.shoot v.射出(光、亮等);射门,投球;射击;拍摄

①Smith shot the wolf and then took the baby wolf away.(射击)

②Giggs shot the ball from the halfway line and got the point.(射门)

③The movie was shot in New Zealand in the winter of 2018.(拍摄)

④A strong white light shot into the sky and then an explosion followed.[射出(光、亮等)]

 

3.hold up举起;支撑;延误, 阻滞;持枪抢劫(银行、商店等)

①She held up her arm and wiped her tears off.(举起)

②This old tree is held up by a post.(支撑)

③A thief ran off after holding up a petrol station.(持枪抢劫)

④The train was held up by heavy fog last night.(延误)

 

三、知识要点

1.invention n.发明,创意,创造

Papermaking was a wonderful invention at the time.

造纸术在当时是一项了不起的发明。

Such changes have not been seen since the invention of the printing machine.

自从发明了印刷机,这种改变还没有出现过。

[知识拓展]

→ invent v. 发明,创造

→ inventor n. 发明家;创造者;发明者

→ inventive adj. 善于发明的;有创造力的

The great inventor was hardworking and it was the years of efforts that led to the invention coming into being.The inventive young man was admired by the king and was invited to invent more in the court.

这位伟大的发明家很努力工作,正是他多年的努力才会有了他的发明的形成。这位善于发明的年轻人得到了国王的赏识,并被邀请到皇宫里发明更多的东西。

 

2.flexible adj.易弯曲的,柔韧的,灵活的;有弹性的

Flexible working hours prove to be useful and effective in improving the work.

弹性工作时间在促进工作方面证明是有用且有效的。

The hair on the brush is flexible enough for you to use in different types of paper.

这只毛笔的毛足够柔韧,可以让你在不同类型的纸张上使用。

[知识拓展]

→ flexibility n. 柔韧性;灵活性

→ flexibly adv. 易曲地,柔软地;灵活地

→ inflexible adj. 不灵活的,柔韧性差的

 

3.in addition 除此之外;另外

The hotel itself can accommodate 80 guests and in addition,there are several self­catering apartments.

酒店本身可容纳80名客人,此外,还有几个自助餐饮公寓。

你需要钱和时间,此外还需要努力。

You need money and time.In addition,you need hard work.

[知识拓展]

(1)in addition to... =besides

=apart/aside from/as well as... 除……之外,还……

(2)additional adj. 额外的,附加的

 

4.in terms of... 依据......;按照......;在……方面;以……措词

This title ranks alongside the Olympics in terms of importance.

这项冠军的重要程度可与奥运会冠军媲美。

The job is great in terms of salary,but it has its disadvantages.

就薪水而言,这个工作倒是挺不错的,但也有一些不利之处。

[知识拓展]

term n. 学期;术语

in the short term 从短期来看;就眼前来说

in the long term 从长远来看

on one's own terms 按照自己的条件

be on good terms with... 与......友好,关系良好;按条件

In the short term we should study hard every day while in the long term we should attach importance to our social skills and our study at the same time.In terms of our dream,we should pay attention to every step on our way to success.As far as possible,without giving up,be on good terms with all persons around you.

短期来看我们应该每天努力学习,而长远来看我们应该把重点同时放在社交技能和学习两方面。就梦想而言,我们应该注意成功道路上的每一步。只要有可能,不放弃,同所有人保持良好的关系。

 

5.capable adj.有能力的;足以胜任的

He's quite capable of lying to get out of trouble.

靠撒谎渡过难关他挺有一套。

I'm perfectly capable of doing it myself,thank you.

谢谢,我完全有能力自己做。

[知识拓展]

be capable of...  有能力做某事

→ incapable adj. 没有能力(做某事);不能自理的

→ capably adv. 能干地

The capable man was regarded as very boring to work with and was found lying in the road,drunk and incapable.So don't think that you are capable of doing everything.Sometimes you can't even capably deal with the relationship between people around you.

这个有能力的人被认为和他一起工作很乏味,随后他被发现躺在路边,烂醉如泥。所以不要认为你啥都能干。有时你甚至不能处理好和你身边人的关系。

 

6.lead to... 导致......;通向......

Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous results.

这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果。

All roads lead to Rome.

条条大路通罗马。

[知识拓展]

lead sb.to+ someplace 带领某人到某地

lead to sb./sth.doing sth. 使得某人/某物做某事

lead sb.to do sth. 使某人做某事

lead a happy life 过着幸福的生活

 

四、重点句式

1.will be doing 将来进行时

(教材P26) This evening,I will be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst,whose new book  The  New Age of Invention has just been published.

今晚,我将和理查德•费尔赫斯特博士交流,他的新书《发明的新时代》刚刚出版。

句式分析:该句的时态是将来进行时,其结构是will be doing 表示将来的一段时间或者一个时间点上正在进行的动作或者持续的状态。

I'll be staying with my friend  at this time tomorrow.

明天这个时候我将正和朋友呆在一起。

They will be flying across the Atlantic at 5 o'clock this afternoon.

今天下午五点钟他们将正在飞越大西洋。 

[知识拓展]

(1)表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,一般带时间状语。

(2)表示已经决定或安排好的要发生的动作。

(3)表示预料中要发生的动作。

(4)与一般将来时的区别:

will/shall+动词原形通常表示临时决定或个人意愿,将来进行时没有这层用法。be going to do表示计划、打算和安排要发生或有种种迹象表明将要发生的事,而将来进行时表示主观上臆断和猜测要发生某事。

 

2.with复合结构

It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places,with computing technology controlling its“legs”.

它可以使用GPS技术各处旅行,用计算技术控制它的“腿”。

句式分析:本句中with computing technology controlling its “legs” 是“with + 宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构。因宾语computing technology和宾语补足语之间是逻辑主谓关系,所以宾语补足语用v.­ing形式,表示主动。该结构常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语,也可作后置定语。

I won't be able to go on holiday with the heavy rain going on.

因为外面下大雨,我无法去度假。

He lay on his back,with his eyes looking up into the sky.

他仰面躺着,眼向上盯着天空。

冬天来了,该买厚衣服了。

With winter coming on,it's time to buy warm clothes.

[知识拓展]

常见的with复合结构:

with+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语

with+宾语+doing(表主动、进行)

with+宾语+done(表被动、完成)

with+宾语+to do(表未做)

 

3.强调句型

(教材P27) So what is it that inspires us to invent things?

那么是什么激励着我们去发明东西呢?

句式分析:本句为强调句型的特殊疑问句,疑问词what是被强调部分,作句子的主语。强调句的基本结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that(指人时可用who)+其他部分”。被强调的部分通常是句子的主语、宾语和状语。

It was in the street that I met Li Hua.

我是在大街上遇到李华的。

Who was it that won the US Open?

在美国公开赛上获胜的是谁?

[知识拓展]

(1)强调句的一般疑问句:Was/Is it+被强调部分+that(强调人时可用who)...?

强调句的特殊疑问句形式:疑问词(被强调部分)+is/was+it+that+句子其余部分...?

(2)until引导的时间状语从句的强调句型:It is/was not until...that...

(3)强调句型的判别方式:把it is/was及that 去掉,调整后依然是一个完整的句子;否则,就不是强调句型。

(4)在强调句型中,当强调主语时,其后的谓语动词应同被强调成分的人称和数保持一致。建议初高中生每天抽出10分钟,提升英语阅读素养。

 

 

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