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寒假预习必备|高一新教材必修一Unit 4知识清单

更新时间:2022-01-29浏览:评论: 条

1. rescue vt.营救;救援

(1)把某人从......营救出来: rescue sb from

rescue n.营救;救援

(2)进行营救: attempt a rescue

(3)设法(实行)营救: make/perform a rescue 

(4)他答应在我有危险的时候会来救我。

He promised to come to my rescue if I was in danger.

 

2. damage vt.损坏、迫害。n.损失;损害

 (1)弥补损失: recover a damage

(2)赔偿损失: pay for damage

(3)遭受损失、蒙受损害: suffer damage

(4)洪水对庄稼造成重大的损毁。

The flood did/caused great damage to the crop.

 

3.survive vi.生存;存活 vt幸存、艰难度过

(1)靠......活下来;靠......生存: survive on

(2)比某人多活......survive sb by

(3)在这次空难中没有人幸免于难。

Nobody survived the disaster.

→ survivor n. 幸存者;生还者

 

4. destroy vt. 摧毁;毁灭

(1)你的话会破坏孩子的自信心。

Your words will destroy your child’s confidence.

(2)我们不能再继续破坏环境了。

We can’t continue to destroy the environment.

→ destruction n. 破坏;毁灭

 

5.affect vt影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动;使感染(疾病)

(1)我们被他的真诚深深打动。

We were affected by his sincerity.

(2)如今科技极大地影响了我们的生活。

Nowadays technology has greatly affected our life.

6.shelter n避难所;居所;庇护 vt 保护 掩蔽 躲避

(1)那棵大树使我们免受大雨的侵袭.

The big tree sheltered us from the heavy rain.

(2)这个计划是为无家可归的人提供住所。

The plan is to provide shelter for the homeless.

→ effect n. 影响;效果;结果

 

7.ruin vt. 破坏;毁坏

(1)毁掉某人的希望、健康:ruin ones hope/health

ruin n. 破坏;毁坏

(2)坍塌 fall into ruin

(3)灾难过后,一切都成了废墟。

After the disaster, everything was in ruins.

 

8.shock n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 

(1)文化冲击: culture shock

(2)震惊;吃惊: in shock

shock vt. 使震惊

(3)对......感到吃惊: be shocked at/by...

(4)我们非常震惊地得知我们喜爱的这位作家已经去世。

We were shocked to learn that our favorite writer had passed away

 

9. trap vt. 使落入险境;是陷入圈套 n 陷阱;险境

(1)用......捕捉;使困于......: trap sb/sth in sth

(2)诱骗某人使之采取某种行动: trap sb into sth/doing

(3)震后,很多人被困于废墟下。

After earthquake, many people were trapped under the ruins.

 

10. bury vt. 埋葬;安葬

(1)专心于(某事):陷入,沉浸于;藏于:bury … in...

(2)埋头于;专心于 bury oneself in ...

(4)她以手掩面,痛哭起来。

She buried her face in her hands and cried bitterly,

 

11.effort n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力

(1)努力做某事: make an effort/efforts to do sth

(2)不遗余力: spare no effort

(3)值得努力: be worth the effort

(4)毫不费力地: without effort

(5)他努力地说英语。

He spoke in English with effort.

 

12. suffer vt.遭受;蒙受(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 

(1)遭受: suffer from

(2)遭受疼痛: suffer pain

(3)他们公司去年生意亏损。

Their company suffered loss in business last year,

→ suffering n. 痛苦;苦难

 

13. supply n.供应量;补给;补给品。

(1)食物供应 food supply

(2)供应不足 in short supply

 supply vt.供应;供给

(3)提供给某人某物 supply sb with sth

(4)把某物提供给某人 supply sth to sb

(5)这家商店向顾客提供各种商品。

The shop supplies all kinds of goods to customers.

 

14. power n. 电力供应;能量;力量;控制力

(1)某人有权、能力 within one’s power

(2)掌权 come into power

(3)有权力做某事 have the power to do sth

(4)停电 power failure 

(6)这里没有人有权在文件上签名。

Nobody here has the power to sign the paper.

→ powerful adj. 强有力的;强大的

 

15.calm n.镇静的;沉着的

(1)保持冷静: stay/keep/remain calm

她在危险面前能保持镇静。

She can keep calm in the face of danger.

calm  vt. 使平静;使镇静

(2)使某人镇静下来: calm sb down

→ calmly adv. 平静地;冷静地

 

16.aid n. 援助;帮助;救援物资 

(1)(对某人)实施急救 do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid

(2)帮某人的忙 come to the aid of sb

(3)为了帮助:in aid of

为了帮助洪灾地区举行了一场音乐会。

A concert was given in aid of the flooded areas.

(4)在......的帮助下: with the aid of

 

aid v.帮助;援助

(5)帮助某人做某事: aid sb in doing sth/aid sb to do sth

(6)在某方面帮助某人:aid sb with sth

 

17.sweep vt/vi. 打扫;清扫( swept  swept)

(1)消灭;彻底清除: sweep away

(2)打扫干净,清扫干净: sweep out

(3)席卷;轻易通过:  sweep through

(4)打扫;清扫: sweep up

(5)晚会结束后,她被留下来打扫卫生。

She was left to sweep up after the party.

 

18.wave n  海浪;波浪 

(1)一波......,一阵...... a wave of

wave  vt/vi 挥手;招手

(2)向......挥手: wave at/to ...

她从街对面向我招手。

She waved at me from across the street.

(3)挥手告别: wave off

→  wavy adj 波浪形的

 

19. strike vt/vi. 侵袭;突击;击打

(1)打一个男孩: strike a boy

(2)钟敲了十二下 : strike twelve

(3)打击敌人: strike the enemy

(4)某人忽然想起: It strikes sb that…

(5)我忽然想起家里一个人也没有。

It struck me that there was no one at home.

strike  n. 罢工;罢课;袭击

开始罢工、罢课 : be/go on strike

 

20. deliver. vt递送,传达,发表 

(1)发货: deliver the goods

(2)作报告: deliver a speech

(3)接生: deliver a baby

(4)送某人到家: deliver to sb’s house

(5)大卫会一大早起来送报纸。

David would get up early in the morning to deliver newspaper.

→ delivery n 递送,分娩

 

21. summary n. 总结;概括;概要

(1)…的摘要、总结: summary of

(2)作总结: make a summary

(3)总的来说,总之: in summary

总之,这次运动取得了巨大的成功。

In summary, the campaign has been a great success.

→ summarize vt 概述;总结

 

22. effect n. 影响;结果;效果

(1)实行: bring/ put sth into effect

(2)产生效果: bring about effect

(3)生效;开始实施: come into effect/ take effect

(4)实际上;事实上: in effect

(5)从......起开始生效: with effect from

(6)这反过来又对狼的食物供应产生了影响。

This in turn has effect on the food supply for wolves.

→ effective adj   有效的;生效的

 

23. length n. 长;长度

(1)最后,最终: at length

(2)长度: in length.

(3)十分详尽地: at great/full length.

(4)桌子的长度是它的宽度的两倍。

The length of the table is twice its breadth.

→ lengthen v(使)变长

 

二.重点短语

1.as if/though 似乎,好像;仿佛

(1)引导的从句所表示的内容若为事实或为事实。可用陈述语气;若为事实相反,应使用虚拟语气。

(2)他老爱说大话,就仿佛他是一位要人似的。

He likes to talk big as if he was an important person.

(3)听起来好像有人在敲门。

It sounds as if/though there is a knock at the door.

 

2.in the open air 露天;在户外

(1)乘飞机: by air

(2)在传播中: in the air

(3)正在广播: on the air

(4)停止广播: off the air

(5)他正在户外散步。

He is now taking a walk in the open air.

 

3.on hand 现有(尤指帮助)

(1)交上;提交: hand in

(2)分发: hand out

(3)交出;移交: hand over

(4)交付,传递: hand on 

(5)在手边;可能很快发生的: at hand

(6)用手工: by hand

(7)握手: shake hands

(8)手拉手;密切关联: hand in hand

(9)如今的女性非常忙碌。一方面,她们要照顾家庭;另一方面,许多妇女又选择外出工作。

Women today are very busy. On the one hand, they have to take care of their families; on the other hand, many women choose to go out to work.

 

三、重点句型

1. 主语+be+adj+(+for sb ) +to do

课本原句

(1)水、食物和电都很难获得.

Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.

句式仿写

(2)火山喷发本身的确是很壮观的,我永远也忘不了我第一次看见火山喷发时的情景。

The volcanic eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one.

2. be doing……when…正在做......,这时......

 

课本原句

(1)我和我的三个孩子吃早餐的时候。水开始充满了我的家。

I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.

(2)我正往家走,老师好心地让我搭个便车。

 I was walking home when my teacher kindly gave me a lift.

句式拓展

(3)她正要举手,这时下课了。

 She was about to raise her hand when class was over.寒假预习必备|

 

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