初中英语语法知识点汇总：定语从句（考点精讲+口诀速记+真题练习）

定语从句是初中英语语法的“高频难点”，核心是用一个句子修饰前面的名词/代词（即先行词），常考于单选、完形和写作，掌握它能让句子表达更丰富。以下从考点、口诀、真题三方面拆解，帮你轻松吃透。

一、核心考点精讲（3大核心+易错点）

1. 先明确“三要素”：先行词、关系词、从句

定语从句的本质是“修饰成分”，必须包含三个关键部分：

- 先行词：被修饰的名词/代词（通常在从句前），如：This is the book that I bought yesterday.（先行词是“the book”，被从句“我昨天买的”修饰）
- 关系词：连接先行词和从句的词，分两类：
- 关系代词（在从句中作主语/宾语/定语）：that（指人/物）、which（指物）、who（指人，主格）、whom（指人，宾格）、whose（指人/物，表“……的”）
- 关系副词（在从句中作状语，表时间/地点/原因）：when（表时间）、where（表地点）、why（表原因，仅修饰“reason”）
- 从句：紧跟关系词的完整句子，需注意“关系词在从句中要充当成分”，不能多余。

2. 关系词“怎么选”：看先行词+从句成分

这是初中最核心的考点，分两步判断：

1. 第一步：确定先行词的类型（人/物/时间/地点）；
2. 第二步：看关系词在从句中作什么成分（主语/宾语/状语）。

- 例1（先行词指物，从句缺宾语）：The pen which/that I lost yesterday was found.（先行词“pen”是物，从句“我昨天丢的”缺宾语，用which/that，且可省略）
- 例2（先行词指人，从句缺主语）：The girl who/that is singing is my sister.（先行词“girl”是人，从句“正在唱歌的”缺主语，用who/that，不可省略）
- 例3（先行词表地点，从句缺状语）：This is the school where I studied.（先行词“school”是地点，从句“我学习的”不缺主宾语，缺地点状语，用where）

3. 3个“易错雷区”要避开

- 雷区1：关系词重复作成分。如错误句子：This is the man who he helped me.（who已作从句宾语，“he”多余，应改为“This is the man who helped me”）
- 雷区2：先行词是“物”时，只用that不用which的情况：
- 先行词被“all/every/no/only”等词修饰：All the books that I have are new.
- 先行词是“不定代词”（something/anything/nothing等）：I have something that I want to tell you.
- 雷区3：whose表“……的”，可指人也可指物：The boy whose mother is a doctor is my classmate.（指人，“男孩的妈妈”）；The house whose window is broken is old.（指物，“房子的窗户”）

二、口诀速记（2句搞定关系词选择）

定语从句不犯愁，两步判断记心头：

1. 先看先行词“是人是物”（人用who/whom/that，物用which/that，时间when地点where）；
2. 再看从句“缺啥成分”（缺主宾用代词，缺状用副词，whose表“谁的”）。

三、奇速英语名师大串讲：3招攻克中考定语从句

奇速英语教研组结合2025年中考命题趋势，提炼出“定位-分析-排除”三步提分法，帮你考场稳拿分：

1. 第一招：“先行词定位法”——找对“靶心”不跑偏

拿到题目先圈出先行词，这是选对关系词的前提。中考常考的先行词类型就三类：

- 指人：如teacher, student, player等，优先考虑who/that/whom/whose；
- 指物：如book, school, pen等，优先考虑which/that/whose；
- 表时间/地点：如day, year, park, factory等，再结合从句成分判断用关系副词when/where还是关系代词。

比如2025年江苏盐城中考真题：“The doctor ______ saved my grandma is very kind.” 先行词是“doctor”（指人），直接锁定who/that选项，排除which/where等干扰项。

2. 第二招：“从句成分分析法”——精准匹配不盲目

定位先行词后，快速分析从句的句子结构，看缺主语、宾语还是状语：

- 从句缺主语/宾语→用关系代词（that/who/which等）；
- 从句不缺主宾语，缺时间/地点/原因状语→用关系副词（when/where/why）。

名师提醒：这是中考最易失分的点。比如“ This is the factory ______ my father worked.” 先行词“factory”是地点，但从句“my father worked”不缺主宾语（worked是不及物动词），缺地点状语，所以用where，而非which。

3. 第三招：“特殊规则速排法”——避开陷阱不丢分

中考会直接考查“只能用that”“介词+关系代词”等特殊规则，记住以下2个高频场景即可快速排除错误选项：

- 看到先行词是all/something/nothing等不定代词，或被only/最高级修饰，直接选that，排除which；
- 看到关系词前有介词（如with/in/for），指人用whom，指物用which，排除who/that。

比如题目中出现“All the photos ______ I took in Beijing are missing.” 先行词“all”是不定代词，直接排除which，选that。

四、2025中考真题30道精选

1. （2025·湖北武汉）Yuan Longping is a great scientist ______ developed hybrid rice.
A. which  B. who  C. what  D. where
2. （2025·广东广州）The storybook ______ my mother bought me last week is very interesting.
A. who  B. whom  C. which  D. whose
3. （2025·江苏苏州）This is the classroom ______ we had our first lesson together.
A. when  B. where  C. that  D. which
4. （2025·山东济南）I will never forget the day ______ I met my English teacher for the first time.
A. which  B. who  C. when  D. whose
5. （2025·四川成都）The girl ______ hair is long and black comes from Sichuan.
A. who  B. whose  C. which  D. whom
6. （2025·浙江杭州）Do you know the boy ______ is talking with our headmaster?
A. which  B. whom  C. who  D. where
7. （2025·湖南长沙）This is the dictionary ______ I need for my English study.
A. what  B. which  C. who  D. whose
8. （2025·河北石家庄）The reason ______ he was late for school is that he missed the bus.
A. why  B. where  C. which  D. when
9. （2025·河南郑州）All ______ we need to do now is to work hard for our dreams.
A. which  B. that  C. who  D. what
10. （2025·陕西西安）My aunt, ______ is a nurse, works in a big hospital in Xi'an.
A. that  B. which  C. who  D. where
11. （2025·山西太原）The computer ______ my father bought yesterday doesn't work now.
A. who  B. which  C. whom  D. whose
12. （2025·辽宁沈阳）I still remember the park ______ we played together when we were young.
A. where  B. that  C. which  D. who
13. （2025·吉林长春）The boy ______ we met at the school gate is our new classmate.
A. which  B. whom  C. whose  D. where
14. （2025·黑龙江哈尔滨）This is the most interesting book ______ I have ever read.
A. which  B. who  C. that  D. what
15. （2025·安徽合肥）Do you know the man ______ our teacher is talking to?
A. who  B. which  C. whose  D. when
16. （2025·福建福州）The house ______ windows face south is very bright.
A. who  B. which  C. whose  D. where
17. （2025·江西南昌）I have something important ______ I want to tell you.
A. that  B. which  C. who  D. whom
18. （2025·广西南宁）The woman ______ is wearing a red coat is my neighbor.
A. which  B. who  C. whom  D. where
19. （2025·云南昆明）This is the town ______ my grandparents lived for twenty years.
A. when  B. where  C. that  D. which
20. （2025·贵州贵阳）The student ______ answered the question correctly got a small gift.
A. who  B. which  C. whom  D. whose

21. （2025·甘肃兰州）The book ______ cover is green is about environmental protection.
A. that  B. which  C. who  D. whose
22. （2025·青海西宁）I don't like the movies ______ are too scary.
A. who  B. which  C. whom  D. where
23. （2025·宁夏银川）The day ______ I joined the English club was October 1st.
A. when  B. that  C. which  D. whose
24. （2025·新疆乌鲁木齐）The man ______ we helped yesterday is a disabled person.
A. which  B. who  C. whose  D. where
25. （2025·内蒙古呼和浩特）This is the only pen ______ I have in my pencil box.
A. which  B. that  C. who  D. whom
26. （2025·江苏无锡）The girl ______ mother is a doctor often helps others.
A. who  B. whom  C. whose  D. which
27. （2025·山东青岛）Do you remember the time ______ we spent together in the countryside?
A. when  B. where  C. that  D. why
28. （2025·浙江宁波）The school ______ my brother studies is far from our home.
A. where  B. that  C. which  D. who
29. （2025·湖南株洲）The stories ______ my grandma told me are very interesting.
A. who  B. which  C. whose  D. where
30. （2025·四川绵阳）The teacher ______ class we enjoyed very much is leaving next week.
A. who  B. whose  C. which  D. whom

真题答案

1. B  2. C  3. B  4. C  5. B
2. C  7. B  8. A  9. B  10. C
3. B  12. A  13. B  14. C  15. A
4. C  17. A  18. B  19. B  20. A
5. D  22. B  23. A  24. B  25. B
6. C  27. C  28. A  29. B  30. B

五、2025中考真题30道精选（附答案解析）

1. （2025·湖北武汉）Yuan Longping is a great scientist ______ developed hybrid rice.
A. which  B. who  C. what  D. where
解析：先行词“scientist”指人，从句“developed hybrid rice”缺主语，需用指人且作主语的关系代词，who符合，选B；which指物，what不引导定语从句，where表地点，均排除。
2. （2025·广东广州）The storybook ______ my mother bought me last week is very interesting.
A. who  B. whom  C. which  D. whose
解析：先行词“storybook”指物，从句“my mother bought me”缺宾语，需用指物的关系代词，which符合，选C；who/whom指人，whose表“……的”，均排除。
3. （2025·江苏苏州）This is the classroom ______ we had our first lesson together.
A. when  B. where  C. that  D. which
解析：先行词“classroom”表地点，从句“we had our first lesson”不缺主宾语（had的宾语是“our first lesson”），缺地点状语，where符合，选B；when表时间，that/which作主宾语，均排除。
4. （2025·山东济南）I will never forget the day ______ I met my English teacher for the first time.
A. which  B. who  C. when  D. whose
解析：先行词“day”表时间，从句“ I met my English teacher”不缺主宾语，缺时间状语，when符合，选C；which指物，who指人，whose表“……的”，均排除。
5. （2025·四川成都）The girl ______ hair is long and black comes from Sichuan.
A. who  B. whose  C. which  D. whom
解析：从句“hair is long and black”需表“女孩的头发”，缺定语，whose表“……的”，可指人，符合语境，选B；who/whom作主宾语，which指物，均排除。
6. （2025·浙江杭州）Do you know the boy ______ is talking with our headmaster?
A. which  B. whom  C. who  D. where
解析：先行词“boy”指人，从句“is talking with our headmaster”缺主语，who符合，选C；which指物，whom作宾语，where表地点，均排除。
7. （2025·湖南长沙）This is the dictionary ______ I need for my English study.
A. what  B. which  C. who  D. whose
解析：先行词“dictionary”指物，从句“ I need”缺宾语，which符合，选B；what不引导定语从句，who指人，whose表“……的”，均排除。
8. （2025·河北石家庄）The reason ______ he was late for school is that he missed the bus.
A. why  B. where  C. which  D. when
解析：先行词“reason”表原因，定语从句中表原因需用why引导（仅修饰reason），选A；where表地点，which作主宾语，when表时间，均排除。
9. （2025·河南郑州）All ______ we need to do now is to work hard for our dreams.
A. which  B. that  C. who  D. what
解析：先行词“All”是不定代词，定语从句中先行词为不定代词时，只能用that引导，选B；which不可接不定代词，who指人，what不引导定语从句，均排除。
10. （2025·陕西西安）My aunt, ______ is a nurse, works in a big hospital in Xi'an.
A. that  B. which  C. who  D. where
解析：先行词“aunt”指人，从句“is a nurse”缺主语，且本句是非限定性定语从句（有逗号隔开），非限定性定语从句中不可用that，需用who，选C；which指物，where表地点，均排除。
11. （2025·山西太原）The computer ______ my father bought yesterday doesn't work now.
A. who  B. which  C. whom  D. whose
解析：先行词“computer”指物，从句“my father bought”缺宾语，which符合，选B；who/whom指人，whose表“……的”，均排除。
12. （2025·辽宁沈阳）I still remember the park ______ we played together when we were young.
A. where  B. that  C. which  D. who
解析：先行词“park”表地点，从句“we played”不缺主宾语（played是不及物动词），缺地点状语，where符合，选A；that/which作主宾语，who指人，均排除。
13. （2025·吉林长春）The boy ______ we met at the school gate is our new classmate.
A. which  B. whom  C. whose  D. where
解析：先行词“boy”指人，从句“we met”缺宾语，需用指人且作宾语的关系代词，whom符合，选B；which指物，whose表“……的”，where表地点，均排除。
14. （2025·黑龙江哈尔滨）This is the most interesting book ______ I have ever read.
A. which  B. who  C. that  D. what
解析：先行词“book”被最高级“the most interesting”修饰，定语从句中先行词被最高级修饰时，只能用that引导，选C；which不可接被最高级修饰的先行词，who指人，what不引导定语从句，均排除。
15. （2025·安徽合肥）Do you know the man ______ our teacher is talking to?
A. who  B. which  C. whose  D. when
解析：先行词“man”指人，从句“our teacher is talking to”缺宾语，who可作宾语（口语中常用），符合语境，选A；which指物，whose表“……的”，when表时间，均排除。

16. （2025·福建福州）The house ______ windows face south is very bright.
A. who  B. which  C. whose  D. where
解析：从句“windows face south”需表“房子的窗户”，缺定语，whose表“……的”，可指物，符合语境，选C；who指人，which作主宾语，where表地点，均排除。
17. （2025·江西南昌）I have something important ______ I want to tell you.
A. that  B. which  C. who  D. whom
解析：先行词“something”是不定代词，定语从句中先行词为不定代词时，只能用that引导，选A；which不可接不定代词，who/whom指人，均排除。
18. （2025·广西南宁）The woman ______ is wearing a red coat is my neighbor.
A. which  B. who  C. whom  D. where
解析：先行词“woman”指人，从句“is wearing a red coat”缺主语，who符合，选B；which指物，whom作宾语，where表地点，均排除。
19. （2025·云南昆明）This is the town ______ my grandparents lived for twenty years.
A. when  B. where  C. that  D. which
解析：先行词“town”表地点，从句“my grandparents lived”不缺主宾语（lived是不及物动词），缺地点状语，where符合，选B；when表时间，that/which作主宾语，均排除。
20. （2025·贵州贵阳）The student ______ answered the question correctly got a small gift.
A. who  B. which  C. whom  D. whose
解析：先行词“student”指人，从句“answered the question”缺主语，who符合，选A；which指物，whom作宾语，whose表“……的”，均排除。
21. （2025·甘肃兰州）The book ______ cover is green is about environmental protection.
A. that  B. which  C. who  D. whose
解析：从句“cover is green”需表“书的封面”，缺定语，whose表“……的”，可指物，符合语境，选D；that/which作主宾语，who指人，均排除。
22. （2025·青海西宁）I don't like the movies ______ are too scary.
A. who  B. which  C. whom  D. where
解析：先行词“movies”指物，从句“are too scary”缺主语，which符合，选B；who/whom指人，where表地点，均排除。
23. （2025·宁夏银川）The day ______ I joined the English club was October 1st.
A. when  B. that  C. which  D. whose
解析：先行词“day”表时间，从句“ I joined the English club”不缺主宾语，缺时间状语，when符合，选A；that/which作主宾语，whose表“……的”，均排除。
24. （2025·新疆乌鲁木齐）The man ______ we helped yesterday is a disabled person.
A. which  B. who  C. whose  D. where
解析：先行词“man”指人，从句“we helped”缺宾语，who可作宾语，符合语境，选B；which指物，whose表“……的”，where表地点，均排除。
25. （2025·内蒙古呼和浩特）This is the only pen ______ I have in my pencil box.
A. which  B. that  C. who  D. whom
解析：先行词“pen”被“the only”修饰，定语从句中先行词被“the only”修饰时，只能用that引导，选B；which不可接被“the only”修饰的先行词，who/whom指人，均排除。
26. （2025·江苏无锡）The girl ______ mother is a doctor often helps others.
A. who  B. whom  C. whose  D. which
解析：从句“mother is a doctor”需表“女孩的妈妈”，缺定语，whose表“……的”，可指人，符合语境，选C；who/whom作主宾语，which指物，均排除。
27. （2025·山东青岛）Do you remember the time ______ we spent together in the countryside?
A. when  B. where  C. that  D. why
解析：先行词“time”虽表时间，但从句“we spent”缺宾语（spent的宾语是“the time”），需用可作宾语的关系代词，that符合，选C；when表状语，where表地点，why表原因，均排除。
28. （2025·浙江宁波）The school ______ my brother studies is far from our home.
A. where  B. that  C. which  D. who
解析：先行词“school”表地点，从句“my brother studies”不缺主宾语（studies是不及物动词），缺地点状语，where符合，选A；that/which作主宾语，who指人，均排除。
29. （2025·湖南株洲）The stories ______ my grandma told me are very interesting.
A. who  B. which  C. whose  D. where
解析：先行词“stories”指物，从句“my grandma told me”缺宾语，which符合，选B；who指人，whose表“……的”，where表地点，均排除。
30. （2025·四川绵阳）The teacher ______ class we enjoyed very much is leaving next week.
A. who  B. whose  C. which  D. whom
解析：从句“class we enjoyed”需表“老师的课”，缺定语，whose表“……的”，可指人，符合语境，选B；who/whom作主宾语，which指物，均排除。

六、真题答案

1. B  2. C  3. B  4. C  5. B
2. C  7. B  8. A  9. B  10. C
3. B  12. A  13. B  14. C  15. A
4. C  17. A  18. B  19. B  20. A
5. D  22. B  23. A  24. B  25. B
6. C  27. C  28. A  29. B  30. B