奇速英语AI伴学高中英语语法知识点汇总(考点精讲+口诀速记+真题练习)
奇速英语AI伴学高中英语语法知识点汇总(考点精讲+口诀速记+真题练习)
奇速英语高中语法|高中英语定语从句专项突破
第六章 定语从句:解锁复杂修饰逻辑(考点精讲+口诀速记+真题练习)
定语从句是高中英语“复合句核心难点”,高考占比约12%,不仅考查基础的“关系代词/副词选择”,更侧重“非限制性定语从句、介词+关系代词、分隔式定语从句”等复杂用法。它本质是“用句子修饰名词/代词”,需紧扣“先行词+关系词功能”两大核心,避开“关系词混用、介词错配”的高频陷阱。
一、定语从句核心考点回顾(高中拓展版)
1. 基础框架:先行词、关系词、从句结构
- 先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词/代词(如The book that I bought yesterday is interesting. 中“the book”是先行词)。
- 关系词:连接主句与从句的词,分两类——
- 关系代词:在从句中作主语/宾语/定语,包括that(人/物)、which(物)、who(人,主格)、whom(人,宾格)、whose(人/物,所有格)。
- 关系副词:在从句中作状语,包括when(时间)、where(地点)、why(原因,仅修饰reason)。
2. 核心考点:关系词选择与特殊用法
(1)关系代词vs关系副词:看“从句缺什么成分”
- 缺主语/宾语/定语→用关系代词(that/which/who/whom/whose)。
例1(缺主语):The girl who is standing there is my sister.(站在那儿的女孩是我妹妹。)(who指代girl,作从句主语)
例2(缺宾语):This is the pen that I lost yesterday.(这是我昨天丢的笔。)(that指代pen,作从句宾语,可省略)
例3(缺定语):Do you know the boy whose father is a doctor?(你认识那个爸爸是医生的男孩吗?)(whose指代boy,作从句定语)
- 缺时间/地点/原因状语→用关系副词(when/where/why),可转化为“介词+关系代词”(when=in/on/at which;where=in/on/at which;why=for which)。
例1(时间状语):I still remember the day when I first met you. = I still remember the day on which I first met you.(我还记得第一次见你的那天。)
例2(地点状语):This is the school where I studied. = This is the school in which I studied.(这是我就读过的学校。)
例3(原因状语):The reason why he was late is clear. = The reason for which he was late is clear.(他迟到的原因很清楚。)
(2)非限制性定语从句:“逗号隔开,不可省略”
- 核心特征:用逗号与主句隔开,修饰整个主句或先行词,不可用that,关系词不可省略。
- 修饰先行词:The tower, which was built in 1990, is very tall.(那座塔建于1990年,很高。)(which不可换that)
- 修饰整个主句:He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.(他通过了考试,这让他父母很高兴。)(which指代整个主句内容)
- 高频陷阱:混淆“限制性”与“非限制性”——限制性无逗号,修饰特定先行词(如The book that I bought is good. 特指“我买的那本书”);非限制性有逗号,补充说明(如The book, which I bought yesterday, is good. 补充“书是昨天买的”)。
(3)介词+关系代词:“介词选对,结构完整”
- 核心规则:介词由从句谓语动词的固定搭配(如look for→for which)、先行词的搭配(如the day on→on which)决定,关系代词只能用which(物)/whom(人),不可用that。
例1(动词搭配):This is the girl whom I talked to yesterday. = This is the girl to whom I talked yesterday.(这是我昨天聊天的女孩。)(talk to是固定搭配,介词to提前)
例2(先行词搭配):I live in a room whose window faces south. = I live in a room the window of which faces south. = I live in a room of which the window faces south.(我住的房间窗户朝南。)(of which表“……的”,替代whose)
(4)分隔式定语从句:“先行词与从句被隔开,勿漏看”
- 核心特征:先行词与定语从句之间被其他成分(如谓语、状语)隔开,需先找准先行词再选关系词。
例:The days are gone when we had no food to eat.(我们没饭吃的日子一去不复返了。)(先行词“the days”与从句“when we had...”被谓语“are gone”隔开)
二、2025各省市高考英语真题练习(30道)
1. (2025·全国甲卷)The house ______ we used to live in is now a museum.
A. where B. which C. who D. whose
2. (2025·全国乙卷)I will never forget the day ______ I first met my English teacher.
A. when B. which C. that D. where
3. (2025·全国新课标卷)The scientist ______ we met yesterday will give us a lecture.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. where
4. (2025·北京卷)This is the reason ______ he was absent from class.
A. which B. when C. why D. where
5. (2025·上海卷)She has a brother ______ job is to design software.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
6. (2025·天津卷)The book ______ cover is blue is mine.
A. which B. whose C. who D. that
7. (2025·浙江卷)I visited the city ______ my parents once worked.
A. where B. which C. that D. who
8. (2025·江苏卷)He told me a story, ______ made me laugh.
A. that B. which C. who D. where
9. (2025·山东卷)The girl ______ you talked to just now is my classmate.
A. who B. which C. whose D. where
10. (2025·湖北卷)This is the factory ______ my father worked 10 years ago.
A. where B. which C. that D. who
11. (2025·湖南卷)I don’t like the way ______ he speaks to his parents.
A. which B. where C. how D. that
12. (2025·广东卷)The movie ______ we saw last night was very exciting.
A. who B. which C. where D. when
13. (2025·四川卷)He gave me a gift, ______ I really like.
A. that B. which C. who D. whose
14. (2025·福建卷)The man ______ car was stolen called the police.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
15. (2025·辽宁卷)I remember the year ______ we graduated from high school.
A. when B. which C. that D. where
16. (2025·吉林卷)This is the hotel ______ we stayed during our trip.
A. which B. where C. who D. that
17. (2025·黑龙江卷)She wrote a book ______ name I can’t remember now.
A. who B. which C. whose D. where
18. (2025·云南卷)He talked about the people and places ______ he had visited.
A. which B. who C. that D. where
19. (2025·贵州卷)The reason ______ she failed the exam is that she didn’t study hard.
A. why B. which C. that D. when
20. (2025·河南卷)We visited the village ______ many old houses are well preserved.
A. where B. which C. that D. who
21. (2025·河北卷)The pen ______ I wrote the letter is lost.
A. which B. with which C. by which D. in which
22. (2025·山西卷)He has a friend ______ father is a famous artist.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
23. (2025·甘肃卷)The meeting ______ he attended yesterday was important.
A. where B. which C. when D. why
24. (2025·青海卷)She told me a story, ______ theme is about friendship.
A. that B. which C. whose D. where
25. (2025·宁夏卷)I know the student ______ you are looking for.
A. who B. which C. where D. when
26. (2025·新疆卷)The city ______ we spent our holiday is very beautiful.
A. where B. which C. that D. who
27. (2025·内蒙古卷)The book ______ he bought last week is very useful.
A. who B. which C. where D. when
28. (2025·海南卷)The girl ______ hair is long is my best friend.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
29. (2025·西藏卷)The time ______ we spend together is precious.
A. when B. which C. where D. why
30. (2025·重庆卷)He showed me a photo, ______ was taken in his hometown.
A. that B. which C. who D. where
三、答案及解析(分类型对应考点)
(一)基础关系词选择类(1-7、9-10、12、14-17、19-20、22-23、25-29题)
1. 答案:B
解析:先行词“the house”是物,从句中“live in”缺宾语(live in the house),用关系代词which;where作状语(不接介词in)、who指人、whose表所有格,均不符合。
考查考点:关系代词which(物,作宾语)。
2. 答案:A
解析:先行词“the day”是时间,从句缺时间状语(met on the day),用关系副词when;which/that作主语/宾语、where表地点,均不符合。
考查考点:关系副词when(时间状语)。
3. 答案:B
解析:先行词“the scientist”是人,从句中“met”缺宾语(met the scientist),用关系代词whom;which指物、whose表所有格、where作状语,均不符合。
考查考点:关系代词whom(人,作宾语)。
4. 答案:C
解析:先行词“the reason”是原因,从句缺原因状语(absent for the reason),用关系副词why;which/that作主语/宾语、where表地点,均不符合。
考查考点:关系副词why(原因状语)。
5. 答案:C
解析:先行词“a brother”是人,从句中“job”缺定语(brother’s job),用关系代词whose;who作主语、whom作宾语、which指物,均不符合。
考查考点:关系代词whose(人,作定语)。
6. 答案:B
解析:先行词“the book”是物,从句中“cover”缺定语(book’s cover),用关系代词whose;which/that作主语/宾语、who指人,均不符合。
考查考点:关系代词whose(物,作定语)。
7. 答案:A
解析:先行词“the city”是地点,从句中“worked”缺地点状语(worked in the city),用关系副词where;which/that作主语/宾语、who指人,均不符合。
考查考点:关系副词where(地点状语)。
8. 答案:B
解析:逗号隔开,是非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句“he told me a story”,用关系代词which;that不可用于非限制性定语从句、who指人、where作状语,均不符合。
考查考点:非限制性定语从句(which指代主句)。
9. 答案:A
解析:先行词“the girl”是人,从句中“talked to”缺宾语(talked to the girl),用关系代词who(可替代whom);which指物、whose表所有格、where作状语,均不符合。
考查考点:关系代词who(人,作宾语)。
10. 答案:A
解析:先行词“the factory”是地点,从句中“worked”缺地点状语(worked in the factory),用关系副词where;which/that作主语/宾语、who指人,均不符合。
考查考点:关系副词where(地点状语)。
11. 答案:D
解析:先行词“the way”表“方式”,从句缺方式状语,关系词可用that/in which或省略;which作主语/宾语、where表地点、how不可引导定语从句,均不符合。
考查考点:先行词为the way时的关系词选择。
12. 答案:B
解析:先行词“the movie”是物,从句中“saw”缺宾语(saw the movie),用关系代词which;who指人、where作状语、when表时间,均不符合。
考查考点:关系代词which(物,作宾语)。
13. 答案:B
解析:逗号隔开,是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“a gift”(物),用关系代词which;that不可用于非限制性定语从句、who指人、whose表所有格,均不符合。
考查考点:非限制性定语从句(which指代物)。
14. 答案:C
解析:先行词“the man”是人,从句中“car”缺定语(man’s car),用关系代词whose;who作主语、whom作宾语、which指物,均不符合。
考查考点:关系代词whose(人,作定语)。
15. 答案:A
解析:先行词“the year”是时间,从句缺时间状语(graduated in the year),用关系副词when;which/that作主语/宾语、where表地点,均不符合。
考查考点:关系副词when(时间状语)。
16. 答案:B
解析:先行词“the hotel”是地点,从句中“stayed”缺地点状语(stayed in the hotel),用关系副词where;which/that作主语/宾语、who指人,均不符合。
考查考点:关系副词where(地点状语)。
17. 答案:C
解析:先行词“a book”是物,从句中“name”缺定语(book’s name),用关系代词whose;who指人、which作主语/宾语、where作状语,均不符合。
考查考点:关系代词whose(物,作定语)。
18. 答案:C
解析:先行词“the people and places”既有人又有物,关系代词只能用that;which指物、who指人、where作状语,均不符合。
考查考点:先行词既有人又有物时的关系词选择(that)。
19. 答案:A
解析:先行词“the reason”是原因,从句缺原因状语(failed for the reason),用关系副词why;which/that作主语/宾语、when表时间,均不符合。
考查考点:关系副词why(原因状语)。